स्तुका
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- স্তুকা (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬢᬸᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
- স্তুকা (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰲𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- သ္တုကာ (Burmese script)
- સ્તુકા (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਤੁਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍁𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂳𑂍𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ತುಕಾ (Kannada script)
- ស្តុកា (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ຕຸກາ (Lao script)
- സ്തുകാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᢠᡠᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘳𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢐᠤᢉᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧔𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ତୁକା (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢡꢸꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆶𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖲𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ස්තුකා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩒𑩜𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚰𑚊𑚭 (Takri script)
- ஸ்துகா (Tamil script)
- స్తుకా (Telugu script)
- สฺตุกา (Thai script)
- སྟུ་ཀཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒳𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨃𑨋𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-Iranian *stu- (“to coagulate, condense together”), which would be, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get dense, tight”), and comparable to Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”),[1] but the existence of this root has been called into question.[2][3] The word could easily be an Indo-Iranian substrate word instead.[4][5]
Related to स्तूप (stūpa, “tuft, mound, stupa”); see there for more potential cognates.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /stú.kɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪t̪u.kɑː/
Noun
स्तुका॑ • (stúkā) stem, f
- a knot or tuft of hair or wool, thick curl of hair (especially between the horns of a bull)
- (?) a hip, thigh (=जघन (jaghana))
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स्तुका॑ (stúkā) | स्तुके॑ (stúke) | स्तुकाः॑ (stúkāḥ) |
| accusative | स्तुका॑म् (stúkām) | स्तुके॑ (stúke) | स्तुकाः॑ (stúkāḥ) |
| instrumental | स्तुक॑या (stúkayā) स्तुका॑¹ (stúkā¹) |
स्तुका॑भ्याम् (stúkābhyām) | स्तुका॑भिः (stúkābhiḥ) |
| dative | स्तुका॑यै (stúkāyai) | स्तुका॑भ्याम् (stúkābhyām) | स्तुका॑भ्यः (stúkābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स्तुका॑याः (stúkāyāḥ) स्तुका॑यै² (stúkāyai²) |
स्तुका॑भ्याम् (stúkābhyām) | स्तुका॑भ्यः (stúkābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स्तुका॑याः (stúkāyāḥ) स्तुका॑यै² (stúkāyai²) |
स्तुक॑योः (stúkayoḥ) | स्तुका॑नाम् (stúkānām) |
| locative | स्तुका॑याम् (stúkāyām) | स्तुक॑योः (stúkayoḥ) | स्तुका॑सु (stúkāsu) |
| vocative | स्तुके॑ (stúke) | स्तुके॑ (stúke) | स्तुकाः॑ (stúkāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “स्तुका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1259/3.
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1035
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 760
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
- ^ Witzel, M. (2003). Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia. United States: Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, p. 36
- ^ Early Contacts Between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations : Papers Presented at an International Symposium Held at the Tvärminne Research Station of the University of Helsinki, 8-10 January, 1999. (2001). Finland: Nimilehti painettu Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kirjapainossa, p. 307