सनातन
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सनातन (sanātána).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /sə.nɑː.t̪ən/, [sɐ.näː.t̪ɐ̃n]
Adjective
सनातन • (sanātan) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling سَناتَن)
- existing from the old, immemorial, continuing, eternal
- Synonym: शाश्वत (śāśvat)
- Hindu, relating to Hinduism; (more generally) Indic, Dharmic (relating to the Indic religions)
- सनातन धर्म ― sanātan dharm ― Hinduism (literally, “the eternal religion”)
- सनातन संस्कृति ― sanātan sanskŕti ― Indic culture (literally, “the eternal culture”)
Derived terms
- सनातनी (sanātanī, “a Hindu”)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सनातन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 980
- “सनातन”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সনাতন (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬦᬵᬢᬦ (Balinese script)
- সনাতন (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰡𑰯𑰝𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- သနာတန (Burmese script)
- સનાતન (Gujarati script)
- ਸਨਾਤਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌨𑌾𑌤𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦤꦴꦠꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂢𑂰𑂞𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಸನಾತನ (Kannada script)
- សនាតន (Khmer script)
- ສນາຕນ (Lao script)
- സനാതന (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᠨᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘡𑘰𑘝𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠨᠠᢗᢐᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧁𑧑𑦽𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐣𑐵𑐟𑐣 (Newa script)
- ସନାତନ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢥꢵꢡꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆤𑆳𑆠𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖡𑖯𑖝𑖡 (Siddham script)
- සනාතන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩯𑩛𑩫𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚝𑚭𑚙𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஸநாதந (Tamil script)
- సనాతన (Telugu script)
- สนาตน (Thai script)
- ས་ནཱ་ཏ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒢𑒰𑒞𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨝𑨊𑨙𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From सना (sanā, “from the old”) + -तन (-tana, “extending, till”).
For the suffix, compare Latin -tinus.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ.nɑː.tɐ́.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɐ.n̪ɑː.t̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/
Adjective
स॒ना॒तन॑ • (sanātána) stem
- existing from the old, eternal, perpetual, permanent, everlasting
- Synonym: शाश्वत (śāśvata)
- Udānavarga 14.11:
- न हि वैरेण वैराणि शाम्यन्तीह कदाचन ।
क्षान्त्या वैराणि शाम्यन्त्येष धर्मः सनातनः ॥- na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyantyeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ. - For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal law.
- na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
- न हि वैरेण वैराणि शाम्यन्तीह कदाचन ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒ना॒तनः॑ (sanātánaḥ) | स॒ना॒तनौ॑ (sanātánau) स॒ना॒तना॑¹ (sanātánā¹) |
स॒ना॒तनाः॑ (sanātánāḥ) स॒ना॒तना॑सः¹ (sanātánāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | स॒ना॒तन॑म् (sanātánam) | स॒ना॒तनौ॑ (sanātánau) स॒ना॒तना॑¹ (sanātánā¹) |
स॒ना॒तना॑न् (sanātánān) |
| instrumental | स॒ना॒तने॑न (sanātánena) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तनैः॑ (sanātánaiḥ) स॒ना॒तने॑भिः¹ (sanātánebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | स॒ना॒तना॑य (sanātánāya) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तने॑भ्यः (sanātánebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒ना॒तना॑त् (sanātánāt) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तने॑भ्यः (sanātánebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒ना॒तन॑स्य (sanātánasya) | स॒ना॒तन॑योः (sanātánayoḥ) | स॒ना॒तना॑नाम् (sanātánānām) |
| locative | स॒ना॒तने॑ (sanātáne) | स॒ना॒तन॑योः (sanātánayoḥ) | स॒ना॒तने॑षु (sanātáneṣu) |
| vocative | सना॑तन (sánātana) | सना॑तनौ (sánātanau) सना॑तना¹ (sánātanā¹) |
सना॑तनाः (sánātanāḥ) सना॑तनासः¹ (sánātanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒ना॒तनी॑ (sanātánī) | स॒ना॒तन्यौ॑ (sanātányau) स॒ना॒तनी॑¹ (sanātánī¹) |
स॒ना॒तन्यः॑ (sanātányaḥ) स॒ना॒तनीः॑¹ (sanātánīḥ¹) |
| accusative | स॒ना॒तनी॑म् (sanātánīm) | स॒ना॒तन्यौ॑ (sanātányau) स॒ना॒तनी॑¹ (sanātánī¹) |
स॒ना॒तनीः॑ (sanātánīḥ) |
| instrumental | स॒ना॒तन्या॑ (sanātányā) | स॒ना॒तनी॑भ्याम् (sanātánībhyām) | स॒ना॒तनी॑भिः (sanātánībhiḥ) |
| dative | स॒ना॒तन्यै॑ (sanātányai) | स॒ना॒तनी॑भ्याम् (sanātánībhyām) | स॒ना॒तनी॑भ्यः (sanātánībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒ना॒तन्याः॑ (sanātányāḥ) स॒ना॒तन्यै॑² (sanātányai²) |
स॒ना॒तनी॑भ्याम् (sanātánībhyām) | स॒ना॒तनी॑भ्यः (sanātánībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒ना॒तन्याः॑ (sanātányāḥ) स॒ना॒तन्यै॑² (sanātányai²) |
स॒ना॒तन्योः॑ (sanātányoḥ) | स॒ना॒तनी॑नाम् (sanātánīnām) |
| locative | स॒ना॒तन्या॑म् (sanātányām) | स॒ना॒तन्योः॑ (sanātányoḥ) | स॒ना॒तनी॑षु (sanātánīṣu) |
| vocative | सना॑तनि (sánātani) | सना॑तन्यौ (sánātanyau) सना॑तनी¹ (sánātanī¹) |
सना॑तन्यः (sánātanyaḥ) सना॑तनीः¹ (sánātanīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स॒ना॒तन॑म् (sanātánam) | स॒ना॒तने॑ (sanātáne) | स॒ना॒तना॑नि (sanātánāni) स॒ना॒तना॑¹ (sanātánā¹) |
| accusative | स॒ना॒तन॑म् (sanātánam) | स॒ना॒तने॑ (sanātáne) | स॒ना॒तना॑नि (sanātánāni) स॒ना॒तना॑¹ (sanātánā¹) |
| instrumental | स॒ना॒तने॑न (sanātánena) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तनैः॑ (sanātánaiḥ) स॒ना॒तने॑भिः¹ (sanātánebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | स॒ना॒तना॑य (sanātánāya) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तने॑भ्यः (sanātánebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | स॒ना॒तना॑त् (sanātánāt) | स॒ना॒तना॑भ्याम् (sanātánābhyām) | स॒ना॒तने॑भ्यः (sanātánebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | स॒ना॒तन॑स्य (sanātánasya) | स॒ना॒तन॑योः (sanātánayoḥ) | स॒ना॒तना॑नाम् (sanātánānām) |
| locative | स॒ना॒तने॑ (sanātáne) | स॒ना॒तन॑योः (sanātánayoḥ) | स॒ना॒तने॑षु (sanātáneṣu) |
| vocative | सना॑तन (sánātana) | सना॑तने (sánātane) | सना॑तनानि (sánātanāni) सना॑तना¹ (sánātanā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “सनातन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1141.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “सनातन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1617