ष्ठीवति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

ष्ठीव्यति (ṣṭhī́vyati)

Alternative scripts

ষ্ঠীৱতি (Assamese script)
ᬱ᭄ᬞᬷᬯᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
ষ্ঠীবতি (Bengali script)
𑰬𑰿𑰙𑰱𑰪𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀱𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀯𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ၑ္ဌီဝတိ (Burmese script)
ષ્ઠીવતિ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼੍ਠੀਵਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌷𑍍𑌠𑍀𑌵𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦰ꧀ꦜꦷꦮꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂭𑂹𑂘𑂲𑂫𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಷ್ಠೀವತಿ (Kannada script)
ឞ្ឋីវតិ (Khmer script)
ຩ຺ຐີວຕິ (Lao script)
ഷ്ഠീവതി (Malayalam script)
ᢢᡱᡳᡳᠸᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘬𑘿𑘙𑘲𑘪𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢔᢍᠢᠢᠸᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧌𑧠𑦹𑧓𑧊𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐲𑑂𑐛𑐷𑐰𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଷ୍ଠୀଵତି (Odia script)
ꢰ꣄ꢝꢷꢮꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆰𑇀𑆜𑆵𑆮𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖬𑖿𑖙𑖱𑖪𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ෂ‍්ඨීවති (Sinhalese script)
𑪀 𑪙𑩧𑩑𑩛𑩾𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚶𑚕𑚯𑚦𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஷ்டீ²வதி (Tamil script)
ష్ఠీవతి (Telugu script)
ษฺฐีวติ (Thai script)
ཥྛཱི་ཝ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒭𑓂𑒚𑒲𑒫𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨯𑩇𑨕𑨁𑨊𑨭𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sp(t)yewH- (“to spit, spew”) (with metathesis of *-iwH- to *-iHw-, thus reflecting a pre-form *sp(t)iHw-), compare *(s)ptyēw-. Cognate with Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Persian (tof, “spittle”), Ossetian ту (tu, “spittle”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “I spit out”), Latin spuo (whence Italian sputare), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Russian плевать (plevatʹ), Old English spīwan (whence English spew).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʂʈʰíː.ʋɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʂʈʰiː.ʋɐ.t̪i/

Verb

ष्ठीव॑ति • (ṣṭhī́vati) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root ष्ठीव्)

to spit, expectorate; to spit upon (with locative case)
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.23.35:
  अन्नं च भैक्ष्यसम्पन्नं भुञ्जानस्य सरित्तटे। मूत्रयन्ति च पापिष्ठाः ष्ठीवन्त्य्अस्य च मूर्धनि॥
  annaṃ ca bhaikṣyasampannaṃ bhuñjānasya sarittaṭe. mūtrayanti ca pāpiṣṭhāḥ ṣṭhīvantyasya ca mūrdhani.
  When he was sitting on the bank of a river about to partake of the food that he had collected by his begging, sinful rascals would come and urinate on it and spit on his head.

Conjugation

Present: ष्ठीव॑ति (ṣṭhī́vati), ष्ठीव॑ते (ṣṭhī́vate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ष्ठीव॑ति ṣṭhī́vati	ष्ठीव॑तः ṣṭhī́vataḥ	ष्ठीव॑न्ति ṣṭhī́vanti	ष्ठीव॑ते ṣṭhī́vate	ष्ठीवे॑ते ṣṭhī́vete	ष्ठीव॑न्ते ṣṭhī́vante
Second	ष्ठीव॑सि ṣṭhī́vasi	ष्ठीव॑थः ṣṭhī́vathaḥ	ष्ठीव॑थ ṣṭhī́vatha	ष्ठीव॑से ṣṭhī́vase	ष्ठीवे॑थे ṣṭhī́vethe	ष्ठीव॑ध्वे ṣṭhī́vadhve
First	ष्ठीवा॑मि ṣṭhī́vāmi	ष्ठीवा॑वः ṣṭhī́vāvaḥ	ष्ठीवा॑मः / ष्ठीवा॑मसि¹ ṣṭhī́vāmaḥ / ṣṭhī́vāmasi¹	ष्ठीवे॑ ṣṭhī́ve	ष्ठीवा॑वहे ṣṭhī́vāvahe	ष्ठीवा॑महे ṣṭhī́vāmahe
Imperative
Third	ष्ठीव॑तु ṣṭhī́vatu	ष्ठीव॑ताम् ṣṭhī́vatām	ष्ठीव॑न्तु ṣṭhī́vantu	ष्ठीव॑ताम् ṣṭhī́vatām	ष्ठीवे॑ताम् ṣṭhī́vetām	ष्ठीव॑न्ताम् ṣṭhī́vantām
Second	ष्ठीव॑ ṣṭhī́va	ष्ठीव॑तम् ṣṭhī́vatam	ष्ठीव॑त ṣṭhī́vata	ष्ठीव॑स्व ṣṭhī́vasva	ष्ठीवे॑थाम् ṣṭhī́vethām	ष्ठीव॑ध्वम् ṣṭhī́vadhvam
First	ष्ठीवा॑नि ṣṭhī́vāni	ष्ठीवा॑व ṣṭhī́vāva	ष्ठीवा॑म ṣṭhī́vāma	ष्ठीवै॑ ṣṭhī́vai	ष्ठीवा॑वहै ṣṭhī́vāvahai	ष्ठीवा॑महै ṣṭhī́vāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	ष्ठीवे॑त् ṣṭhī́vet	ष्ठीवे॑ताम् ṣṭhī́vetām	ष्ठीवे॑युः ṣṭhī́veyuḥ	ष्ठीवे॑त ṣṭhī́veta	ष्ठीवे॑याताम् ṣṭhī́veyātām	ष्ठीवे॑रन् ṣṭhī́veran
Second	ष्ठीवेः॑ ṣṭhī́veḥ	ष्ठीवे॑तम् ṣṭhī́vetam	ष्ठीवे॑त ṣṭhī́veta	ष्ठीवे॑थाः ṣṭhī́vethāḥ	ष्ठीवे॑याथाम् ṣṭhī́veyāthām	ष्ठीवे॑ध्वम् ṣṭhī́vedhvam
First	ष्ठीवे॑यम् ṣṭhī́veyam	ष्ठीवे॑व ṣṭhī́veva	ष्ठीवे॑म ṣṭhī́vema	ष्ठीवे॑य ṣṭhī́veya	ष्ठीवे॑वहि ṣṭhī́vevahi	ष्ठीवे॑महि ṣṭhī́vemahi
Subjunctive
Third	ष्ठीवा॑त् / ष्ठीवा॑ति ṣṭhī́vāt / ṣṭhī́vāti	ष्ठीवा॑तः ṣṭhī́vātaḥ	ष्ठीवा॑न् ṣṭhī́vān	ष्ठीवा॑ते / ष्ठीवा॑तै ṣṭhī́vāte / ṣṭhī́vātai	ष्ठीवै॑ते ṣṭhī́vaite	ष्ठीव॑न्त / ष्ठीवा॑न्तै ṣṭhī́vanta / ṣṭhī́vāntai
Second	ष्ठीवाः॑ / ष्ठीवा॑सि ṣṭhī́vāḥ / ṣṭhī́vāsi	ष्ठीवा॑थः ṣṭhī́vāthaḥ	ष्ठीवा॑थ ṣṭhī́vātha	ष्ठीवा॑से / ष्ठीवा॑सै ṣṭhī́vāse / ṣṭhī́vāsai	ष्ठीवै॑थे ṣṭhī́vaithe	ष्ठीवा॑ध्वै ṣṭhī́vādhvai
First	ष्ठीवा॑नि ṣṭhī́vāni	ष्ठीवा॑व ṣṭhī́vāva	ष्ठीवा॑म ṣṭhī́vāma	ष्ठीवै॑ ṣṭhī́vai	ष्ठीवा॑वहै ṣṭhī́vāvahai	ष्ठीवा॑महै ṣṭhī́vāmahai
Participles
	ष्ठीव॑त् ṣṭhī́vat			ष्ठीव॑मान ṣṭhī́vamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अष्ठी॑वत् (áṣṭhīvat), अष्ठी॑वत (áṣṭhīvata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अष्ठी॑वत् áṣṭhīvat	अष्ठी॑वताम् áṣṭhīvatām	अष्ठी॑वन् áṣṭhīvan	अष्ठी॑वत áṣṭhīvata	अष्ठी॑वेताम् áṣṭhīvetām	अष्ठी॑वन्त áṣṭhīvanta
Second	अष्ठी॑वः áṣṭhīvaḥ	अष्ठी॑वतम् áṣṭhīvatam	अष्ठी॑वत áṣṭhīvata	अष्ठी॑वथाः áṣṭhīvathāḥ	अष्ठी॑वेथाम् áṣṭhīvethām	अष्ठी॑वध्वम् áṣṭhīvadhvam
First	अष्ठी॑वम् áṣṭhīvam	अष्ठी॑वाव áṣṭhīvāva	अष्ठी॑वाम áṣṭhīvāma	अष्ठी॑वे áṣṭhīve	अष्ठी॑वावहि áṣṭhīvāvahi	अष्ठी॑वामहि áṣṭhīvāmahi