शर्करा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā). Doublet of शक्कर (śakkar) and सकर (sakar). Cognate of English sugar.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ʃəɾ.kə.ɾɑː/, [ʃɐɾ.kɐ.ɾäː]
Noun
शर्करा • (śarkarā) f (Urdu spelling شرکرا)
- (formal) sugar (granulated or candied)
- (chemistry) glucose, saccharose
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | शर्करा śarkarā |
शर्कराएँ śarkarāẽ |
| oblique | शर्करा śarkarā |
शर्कराओं śarkarāõ |
| vocative | शर्करा śarkarā |
शर्कराओ śarkarāo |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शर्करा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕəɾ.kə.ɾa/
Noun
शर्करा • (śarkarā) f
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “शर्करा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- শৰ্কৰা (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬃᬓᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
- শর্করা (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ၐရ်္ကရာ (Burmese script)
- શર્કરા (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਰ੍ਕਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦂꦏꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂩𑂹𑂍𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಶರ್ಕರಾ (Kannada script)
- ឝក៌រា (Khmer script)
- ຨຣ຺ກຣາ (Lao script)
- ശര്കരാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡵᡬᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠷᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑦮𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଶର୍କରା (Odia script)
- ꢯꢬ꣄ꢒꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ශර්කරා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩼 𑪙𑩜𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚤𑚶𑚊𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
- ஶர்கரா (Tamil script)
- శర్కరా (Telugu script)
- ศรฺกรา (Thai script)
- ཤ་རྐ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨫𑩇𑨋𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Derived from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkara), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”), whence English crocodile.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐ́ɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɐɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/
Noun
शर्क॑रा • (śárkarā) stem, f
- gravel, grit, pebbles, shingle, gravelly mould or soil (mostly plural)
- gravel (as a disease)
- hardening of the flesh
- hardening of the ear-wax
- ground or candied sugar
- a fragment or piece of broken earthenware, potsherd
- cotton sugar, sugarmaple
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शर्क॑रा (śárkarā) | शर्क॑रे (śárkare) | शर्क॑राः (śárkarāḥ) |
| accusative | शर्क॑राम् (śárkarām) | शर्क॑रे (śárkare) | शर्क॑राः (śárkarāḥ) |
| instrumental | शर्क॑रया (śárkarayā) शर्क॑रा¹ (śárkarā¹) |
शर्क॑राभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām) | शर्क॑राभिः (śárkarābhiḥ) |
| dative | शर्क॑रायै (śárkarāyai) | शर्क॑राभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām) | शर्क॑राभ्यः (śárkarābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शर्क॑रायाः (śárkarāyāḥ) शर्क॑रायै² (śárkarāyai²) |
शर्क॑राभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām) | शर्क॑राभ्यः (śárkarābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शर्क॑रायाः (śárkarāyāḥ) शर्क॑रायै² (śárkarāyai²) |
शर्क॑रयोः (śárkarayoḥ) | शर्क॑राणाम् (śárkarāṇām) |
| locative | शर्क॑रायाम् (śárkarāyām) | शर्क॑रयोः (śárkarayoḥ) | शर्क॑रासु (śárkarāsu) |
| vocative | शर्क॑रे (śárkare) | शर्क॑रे (śárkare) | शर्क॑राः (śárkarāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara) (see there for further descendants)
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā) (see there for further descendants)
- Pali: sakkharā (see there for further descendants)
Borrowed terms
- → Bengali: শর্করা (śorkora) (learned)
- → Gujarati: શર્કરા (śarkarā) (learned)
- → Hindi: शर्करा (śarkarā) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕರೆ (sakkare), ಶರ್ಕರೆ (śarkare)
- → Malayalam: ശർക്കര (śaṟkkara), ചക്കര (cakkara)
- → Portuguese: jágara (see there for further descendants)
- → Nihali: सक्रय (sakraya)
- → Odia: ଶର୍କରା (śarkarā) (learned)
- → Old Javanese: sarkara
- Javanese: ꦱꦂꦏꦫ (sarkara)
- → Tamil: சர்க்கரை (carkkarai), சக்கரை (cakkarai) — chiefly Spoken Tamil
- → Telugu: చక్కెర (cakkera)