शफ
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শফ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬨ (Balinese script)
- শফ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰣 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀨 (Brahmi script)
- ၐဖ (Burmese script)
- શફ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਫ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌫 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦦ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂤 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಫ (Kannada script)
- ឝផ (Khmer script)
- ຨຜ (Lao script)
- ശഫ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡦᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘣 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠹᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧃 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐦 (Newa script)
- ଶଫ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢧ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆦 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖣 (Siddham script)
- ශඵ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩱 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚟 (Takri script)
- ஶப² (Tamil script)
- శఫ (Telugu script)
- ศผ (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཕ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒤 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨟 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás (“hoof”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós (“hoof”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”), Old English hōf (whence English hoof).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ/
Noun
श॒फ • (śaphá) stem, m
- hoof
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
यस्य॑ व्र॒त ओष॑धीर्वि॒श्वरू॑पाः॒ स नः॑ पर्जन्य॒ महि॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ ॥- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
yásya vratá óṣadhīrviśvárūpāḥ sá naḥ parjanya máhi śárma yaccha. - Thou at whose bidding earth bows low before thee, at whose command hoofed cattle quiver in terror
At whose behest the plants assume all colours, even thou Parjanya, yield us great protection.
- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
- claw
- a wooden implement shaped like a claw
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | श॒फः (śapháḥ) | श॒फौ (śapháu) श॒फा¹ (śaphā́¹) |
श॒फाः (śaphā́ḥ) श॒फासः॑¹ (śaphā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | श॒फम् (śaphám) | श॒फौ (śapháu) श॒फा¹ (śaphā́¹) |
श॒फान् (śaphā́n) |
| instrumental | श॒फेन॑ (śaphéna) | श॒फाभ्या॑म् (śaphā́bhyām) | श॒फैः (śapháiḥ) श॒फेभिः॑¹ (śaphébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | श॒फाय॑ (śaphā́ya) | श॒फाभ्या॑म् (śaphā́bhyām) | श॒फेभ्यः॑ (śaphébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | श॒फात् (śaphā́t) | श॒फाभ्या॑म् (śaphā́bhyām) | श॒फेभ्यः॑ (śaphébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | श॒फस्य॑ (śaphásya) | श॒फयोः॑ (śapháyoḥ) | श॒फाना॑म् (śaphā́nām) |
| locative | श॒फे (śaphé) | श॒फयोः॑ (śapháyoḥ) | श॒फेषु॑ (śaphéṣu) |
| vocative | शफ॑ (śápha) | शफौ॑ (śáphau) शफा॑¹ (śáphā¹) |
शफाः॑ (śáphāḥ) शफा॑सः¹ (śáphāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: sapha
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “शफ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 608