रश्मि

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रश्मि (raśmi).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾəʃ.miː/, [ɾɐʃ.miː]

Noun

रश्मि • (raśmi) f

ray, beam
Synonym: किरण (kiraṇ)
bridle

Declension

Declension of *रश्मि* (fem i-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	रश्मि raśmi	रश्मियाँ raśmiyā̃
oblique	रश्मि raśmi	रश्मियों raśmiyõ
vocative	रश्मि raśmi	रश्मियो raśmiyo

Proper noun

रश्मि • (raśmi) f

a female given name, Rashmi, from Sanskrit

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “रश्मि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4129
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “रश्मि”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 640
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “रश्मि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 855

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

ৰশ্মি (Assamese script)
ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (Balinese script)
রশ্মি (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰫𑰿𑰦𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀰𑁆𑀫𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ရၐ္မိ (Burmese script)
રશ્મિ (Gujarati script)
ਰਸ਼੍ਮਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑌶𑍍𑌮𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦯ꧀ꦩꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂬𑂹𑂧𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ರಶ್ಮಿ (Kannada script)
រឝ្មិ (Khmer script)
ຣຨ຺ມິ (Lao script)
രശ്മി (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠠᡧᠮᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘫𑘿𑘦𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᠱᠮᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑧋𑧠𑧆𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐱𑑂𑐩𑐶 (Newa script)
ରଶ୍ମି (Odia script)
ꢬꢯ꣄ꢪꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆯𑇀𑆩𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖫𑖿𑖦𑖰 (Siddham script)
රශ‍්මි (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩿 𑪙𑩴𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚧𑚶𑚢𑚮 (Takri script)
ரஶ்மி (Tamil script)
రశ్మి (Telugu script)
รศฺมิ (Thai script)
ར་ཤྨི (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒬𑓂𑒧𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨮𑩇𑨢𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *raśmíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *raćmíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”), whence also रश्मन् (raśmán), रशना (raśanā́). Cognate with Middle Persian lsn' (rasan), Persian (rasan). Compare also Old Armenian առասան (aṙasan), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐɕ.mí/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾɐɕ.mi/

Noun

र॒श्मि • (raśmí) stem, m (rarely f)

rope, string, cord
Synonyms: रज्जु (rájju), सूत्र (sū́tra)
rein, bridle, leash
Synonym: वागा (vāgā)
whip, goad
measuring cord
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.18:
  परि॒ यो र॒श्मिना॑ दि॒वोऽन्ता॑न्म॒मे पृ॑थि॒व्याः।
  उ॒भे आ प॑प्रौ॒ रोद॑सी महि॒त्वा॥
  pári yó raśmínā divóʼntānmamé pṛthivyā́ḥ.
  ubhé ā́ paprau ródasī mahitvā́.
  He who hath measured with his ray the boundaries of heaven and earth,
  And with his majesty hath filled the two worlds full,
ray of light

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of र॒श्मि
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒श्मिः (raśmíḥ)	र॒श्मी (raśmī́)	र॒श्मयः॑ (raśmáyaḥ)
accusative	र॒श्मिम् (raśmím)	र॒श्मी (raśmī́)	र॒श्मीन् (raśmī́n)
instrumental	र॒श्मिना॑ (raśmínā) र॒श्म्या¹ (raśmyā́¹)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभिः॑ (raśmíbhiḥ)
dative	र॒श्मये॑ (raśmáye)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभ्यः॑ (raśmíbhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒श्मेः (raśméḥ)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभ्यः॑ (raśmíbhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒श्मेः (raśméḥ)	र॒श्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	र॒श्मी॒नाम् (raśmīnā́m)
locative	र॒श्मौ (raśmáu) र॒श्मा¹ (raśmā́¹)	र॒श्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	र॒श्मिषु॑ (raśmíṣu)
vocative	रश्मे॑ (ráśme)	रश्मी॑ (ráśmī)	रश्म॑यः (ráśmayaḥ)

¹Vedic

Feminine i-stem declension of र॒श्मि
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒श्मिः (raśmíḥ)	र॒श्मी (raśmī́)	र॒श्मयः॑ (raśmáyaḥ)
accusative	र॒श्मिम् (raśmím)	र॒श्मी (raśmī́)	र॒श्मीः (raśmī́ḥ)
instrumental	र॒श्म्या (raśmyā́) र॒श्मी¹ (raśmī́¹)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभिः॑ (raśmíbhiḥ)
dative	र॒श्मये॑ (raśmáye) र॒श्म्यै² (raśmyái²) र॒श्मी¹ (raśmī́¹)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभ्यः॑ (raśmíbhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒श्मेः (raśméḥ) र॒श्म्याः² (raśmyā́ḥ²) र॒श्म्यै³ (raśmyái³)	र॒श्मिभ्या॑म् (raśmíbhyām)	र॒श्मिभ्यः॑ (raśmíbhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒श्मेः (raśméḥ) र॒श्म्याः² (raśmyā́ḥ²) र॒श्म्यै³ (raśmyái³)	र॒श्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	र॒श्मी॒नाम् (raśmīnā́m)
locative	र॒श्मौ (raśmáu) र॒श्म्याम्² (raśmyā́m²) र॒श्मा¹ (raśmā́¹)	र॒श्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	र॒श्मिषु॑ (raśmíṣu)
vocative	रश्मे॑ (ráśme)	रश्मी॑ (ráśmī)	रश्म॑यः (ráśmayaḥ)

¹Vedic
²Later Sanskrit
³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Dardic:
- Shina: رش (răš)
Pali: raṁsi, rasmi
- → Burmese: ရံသီ (ramsi)
- → Thai: รังสี (rang-sǐi)
Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
    - Hindustani: rās
      - Hindi: रास
      - Urdu: رَاس (rās)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: ৰছী (rosi)
    - Bengali: রশি (rośi)
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: रास (rās)
    - Odia: ରାସ (rāsa)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: रास (rās)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: रास (rās)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: rassī
        Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਸੀ
        
        Shahmukhi script: رَسَّی
        
        Lahnda: رسہ (rassā)
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: rasi, rasī, raso, rāsī
        Arabic script: رَسِ (rasi), رَسِي (rasī), رَسو (raso), رَاسِي (rāsī)
        
        Devanagari script: रसि, रसी, रसो, रासी
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ރެސް (res)
    - Sinhalese: රැස (ræsa)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
    - Marathi: रस्सी (rassī)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
    - Gujarati: રાશ (rāś), રશ્રી (raśrī)

Borrowed terms

→ Khmer: រស្មី (rĕəʼsməy)
→ Old Javanese: raśmi
- > Javanese: rasmi (inherited)
- → Balinese: rasmi
→ Thai: รัศมี (rát-sà-mǐi)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “रश्मि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 869.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “raśmí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Lubotsky, The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European