रदति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৰদতি (Assamese script)
ᬭᬤᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
রদতি (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰟𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀤𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ရဒတိ (Burmese script)
રદતિ (Gujarati script)
ਰਦਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑌦𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦢꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂠𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ರದತಿ (Kannada script)
រទតិ (Khmer script)
ຣທຕິ (Lao script)
രദതി (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠠᡩᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘟𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᢑᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑦿𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐡𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ରଦତି (Odia script)
ꢬꢣꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆢𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖟𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
රදති (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩭𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚛𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ரத³தி (Tamil script)
రదతి (Telugu script)
รทติ (Thai script)
ར་ད་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒠𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨛𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *rádati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rádati, from Proto-Indo-European *Hréh₃d-e-ti, from *Hreh₃d-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rāδaⁱti, “to pave”), Latin rādō (“I scrape”), Old English ræt (whence English rat), and English razor.

The short vowel in Sanskrit is a problem. Lubotsky (1981, 1989) has proposed that the loss of the laryngeal in Proto-Indo-Iranian could be attributed to glottalic theory. Cheung suggests the long vowel in Avestan is a derivation from a nominal form, since it is a hapax legomenon.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́.dɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ.d̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

रद॑ति • (rádati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root रद्)^[2]

to scratch, scrape; gnaw, bite
to cut a path, pave
to lead a river into a channel
to convey, bestow

Conjugation

Present: रद॑ति (rádati), रद॑ते (rádate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	रद॑ति rádati	रद॑तः rádataḥ	रद॑न्ति rádanti	रद॑ते rádate	रदे॑ते rádete	रद॑न्ते rádante
Second	रद॑सि rádasi	रद॑थः rádathaḥ	रद॑थ rádatha	रद॑से rádase	रदे॑थे rádethe	रद॑ध्वे rádadhve
First	रदा॑मि rádāmi	रदा॑वः rádāvaḥ	रदा॑मः / रदा॑मसि¹ rádāmaḥ / rádāmasi¹	रदे॑ ráde	रदा॑वहे rádāvahe	रदा॑महे rádāmahe
Imperative
Third	रद॑तु rádatu	रद॑ताम् rádatām	रद॑न्तु rádantu	रद॑ताम् rádatām	रदे॑ताम् rádetām	रद॑न्ताम् rádantām
Second	रद॑ ráda	रद॑तम् rádatam	रद॑त rádata	रद॑स्व rádasva	रदे॑थाम् rádethām	रद॑ध्वम् rádadhvam
First	रदा॑नि rádāni	रदा॑व rádāva	रदा॑म rádāma	रदै॑ rádai	रदा॑वहै rádāvahai	रदा॑महै rádāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	रदे॑त् rádet	रदे॑ताम् rádetām	रदे॑युः rádeyuḥ	रदे॑त rádeta	रदे॑याताम् rádeyātām	रदे॑रन् ráderan
Second	रदेः॑ rádeḥ	रदे॑तम् rádetam	रदे॑त rádeta	रदे॑थाः rádethāḥ	रदे॑याथाम् rádeyāthām	रदे॑ध्वम् rádedhvam
First	रदे॑यम् rádeyam	रदे॑व rádeva	रदे॑म rádema	रदे॑य rádeya	रदे॑वहि rádevahi	रदे॑महि rádemahi
Subjunctive
Third	रदा॑त् / रदा॑ति rádāt / rádāti	रदा॑तः rádātaḥ	रदा॑न् rádān	रदा॑ते / रदा॑तै rádāte / rádātai	रदै॑ते rádaite	रद॑न्त / रदा॑न्तै rádanta / rádāntai
Second	रदाः॑ / रदा॑सि rádāḥ / rádāsi	रदा॑थः rádāthaḥ	रदा॑थ rádātha	रदा॑से / रदा॑सै rádāse / rádāsai	रदै॑थे rádaithe	रदा॑ध्वै rádādhvai
First	रदा॑नि rádāni	रदा॑व rádāva	रदा॑म rádāma	रदै॑ rádai	रदा॑वहै rádāvahai	रदा॑महै rádāmahai
Participles
	रद॑त् rádat			रद॑मान rádamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अर॑दत् (áradat), अर॑दत (áradata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अर॑दत् áradat	अर॑दताम् áradatām	अर॑दन् áradan	अर॑दत áradata	अर॑देताम् áradetām	अर॑दन्त áradanta
Second	अर॑दः áradaḥ	अर॑दतम् áradatam	अर॑दत áradata	अर॑दथाः áradathāḥ	अर॑देथाम् áradethām	अर॑दध्वम् áradadhvam
First	अर॑दम् áradam	अर॑दाव áradāva	अर॑दाम áradāma	अर॑दे árade	अर॑दावहि áradāvahi	अर॑दामहि áradāmahi

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hrad”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
^ Monier Williams (1899), “रदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 866.

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hrad”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186

[2] Monier Williams (1899), “रदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 866.

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