रथेष्ठा
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰথেষ্ঠা (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬣᬾᬱ᭄ᬞᬵ (Balinese script)
- রথেষ্ঠা (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰞𑰸𑰬𑰿𑰙𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀣𑁂𑀱𑁆𑀞𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ရထေၑ္ဌာ (Burmese script)
- રથેષ્ઠા (Gujarati script)
- ਰਥੇਸ਼੍ਠਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑌥𑍇𑌷𑍍𑌠𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦡꦺꦰ꧀ꦜꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂟𑂵𑂭𑂹𑂘𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ರಥೇಷ್ಠಾ (Kannada script)
- រថេឞ្ឋា (Khmer script)
- ຣເຖຩ຺ຐາ (Lao script)
- രഥേഷ്ഠാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᠠᡨᡝᢢᡱᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘞𑘹𑘬𑘿𑘙𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᠲᠧᢔᢍᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑦾𑧚𑧌𑧠𑦹𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐠𑐾𑐲𑑂𑐛𑐵 (Newa script)
- ରଥେଷ୍ଠା (Odia script)
- ꢬꢢꢾꢰ꣄ꢝꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆡𑆼𑆰𑇀𑆜𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖞𑖸𑖬𑖿𑖙𑖯 (Siddham script)
- රථෙෂ්ඨා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩬𑩔𑪀 𑪙𑩧𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚚𑚲𑚶𑚕𑚭 (Takri script)
- ரதே²ஷ்ட²ா (Tamil script)
- రథేష్ఠా (Telugu script)
- รเถษฺฐา (Thai script)
- ར་ཐེ་ཥྛཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒟𑒹𑒭𑓂𑒚𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨚𑨄𑨯𑩇𑨕𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HratʰayštáHs (“chariot-fighter; a warrior who fights standing on a chariot”), from *Hrátʰay (locative of *Hrátʰas) + *staH- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬁 (raθaēštā), 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁 (raθōištā, “warrior”). By surface analysis, रथे (rathe, locative of रथ (ratha, “chariot”)) + स्था (sthā, “to stand”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɐ.tʰɐjʂ.ʈʰɑ́ː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾɐ.t̪ʰeːʂ.ʈʰɑː/
Noun
र॒थे॒ष्ठा • (ratheṣṭhā́) stem, m
- a warrior fighting from a chariot, a chariot-fighter
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.173.5:
- तम् उ॑ ष्टु॒हीन्द्रं॒ यो ह॒ सत्वा॒ यः शूरो॑ म॒घवा॒ यो र॑थे॒ष्ठाः ।
प्र॒ती॒चश् चि॒द् योधी॑या॒न् वृष॑ण्वान् वव॒व्रुष॑श् चि॒त् तम॑सो विह॒न्ता ॥- tám u ṣṭuhī́ndraṃ yó ha sátvā yáḥ śū́ro maghávā yó ratheṣṭhā́ḥ.
pratīcáś cid yódhīyān vṛ́ṣaṇvān vavavrúṣaś cit támaso vihantā́. - Praise thou that Indra who is truly mighty, the car-borne Warrior, Maghavan the Hero;
Stronger in war than those who fight against him, borne by strong steeds, who kills enclosing darkness.
- tám u ṣṭuhī́ndraṃ yó ha sátvā yáḥ śū́ro maghávā yó ratheṣṭhā́ḥ.
- तम् उ॑ ष्टु॒हीन्द्रं॒ यो ह॒ सत्वा॒ यः शूरो॑ म॒घवा॒ यो र॑थे॒ष्ठाः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) |
| accusative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाम् (ratheṣṭhā́m) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | र॒थे॒ष्ठया॑ (ratheṣṭháyā) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभिः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yai) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | र॒थे॒ष्ठायाः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑² (ratheṣṭhā́yai²) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | र॒थे॒ष्ठायाः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑² (ratheṣṭhā́yai²) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाना॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́nām) |
| locative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाया॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́yām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठासु॑ (ratheṣṭhā́su) |
| vocative | रथे॑ष्ठे (rátheṣṭhe) | रथे॑ष्ठे (rátheṣṭhe) | रथे॑ष्ठाः (rátheṣṭhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Adjective
र॒थे॒ष्ठा • (ratheṣṭhā́) stem
- standing on a chariot, chariot-borne
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.31.2:
- तं पृ॒च्छन्ती॒ वज्र॑हस्तं रथे॒ष्ठाम् इद्रं॒ वेपी॒ वक्व॑री॒ यस्य॒ नू गीः ।
तु॒वि॒ग्रा॒भं तु॑विकू॒र्मिं र॑भो॒दां गा॒तुम् इ॑षे॒ नक्ष॑ते॒ तुम्र॒म् अच्छ॑ ॥- táṃ pṛcchántī vájrahastaṃ ratheṣṭhā́m ídraṃ vépī vákvarī yásya nū́ gī́ḥ.
tuvigrābháṃ tuvikūrmíṃ rabhodā́ṃ gātúm iṣe nákṣate túmram áccha. - He who for car-borne Indra, armed with thunder, hath a hymn, craving, deeply-piercing, fluent,
Who sends a song effectual, firmly-grasping, and strength-bestowing, he comes near the mighty.
- táṃ pṛcchántī vájrahastaṃ ratheṣṭhā́m ídraṃ vépī vákvarī yásya nū́ gī́ḥ.
- तं पृ॒च्छन्ती॒ वज्र॑हस्तं रथे॒ष्ठाम् इद्रं॒ वेपी॒ वक्व॑री॒ यस्य॒ नू गीः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | र॒थे॒ष्ठः (ratheṣṭháḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठौ (ratheṣṭháu) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठासः॑¹ (ratheṣṭhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | र॒थे॒ष्ठम् (ratheṣṭhám) | र॒थे॒ष्ठौ (ratheṣṭháu) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठान् (ratheṣṭhā́n) |
| instrumental | र॒थे॒ष्ठेन॑ (ratheṣṭhéna) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठैः (ratheṣṭháiḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठेभिः॑¹ (ratheṣṭhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाय॑ (ratheṣṭhā́ya) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | र॒थे॒ष्ठात् (ratheṣṭhā́t) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | र॒थे॒ष्ठस्य॑ (ratheṣṭhásya) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाना॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́nām) |
| locative | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेषु॑ (ratheṣṭhéṣu) |
| vocative | रथे॑ष्ठ (rátheṣṭha) | रथे॑ष्ठौ (rátheṣṭhau) रथे॑ष्ठा¹ (rátheṣṭhā¹) |
रथे॑ष्ठाः (rátheṣṭhāḥ) रथे॑ष्ठासः¹ (rátheṣṭhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | र॒थे॒ष्ठा (ratheṣṭhā́) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) |
| accusative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाम् (ratheṣṭhā́m) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | र॒थे॒ष्ठया॑ (ratheṣṭháyā) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभिः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yai) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | र॒थे॒ष्ठायाः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑² (ratheṣṭhā́yai²) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | र॒थे॒ष्ठायाः॑ (ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठायै॑² (ratheṣṭhā́yai²) |
र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाना॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́nām) |
| locative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाया॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́yām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठासु॑ (ratheṣṭhā́su) |
| vocative | रथे॑ष्ठे (rátheṣṭhe) | रथे॑ष्ठे (rátheṣṭhe) | रथे॑ष्ठाः (rátheṣṭhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | र॒थे॒ष्ठम् (ratheṣṭhám) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठानि॑ (ratheṣṭhā́ni) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
| accusative | र॒थे॒ष्ठम् (ratheṣṭhám) | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठानि॑ (ratheṣṭhā́ni) र॒थे॒ष्ठा¹ (ratheṣṭhā́¹) |
| instrumental | र॒थे॒ष्ठेन॑ (ratheṣṭhéna) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठैः (ratheṣṭháiḥ) र॒थे॒ष्ठेभिः॑¹ (ratheṣṭhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | र॒थे॒ष्ठाय॑ (ratheṣṭhā́ya) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | र॒थे॒ष्ठात् (ratheṣṭhā́t) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाभ्या॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́bhyām) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेभ्यः॑ (ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | र॒थे॒ष्ठस्य॑ (ratheṣṭhásya) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठाना॑म् (ratheṣṭhā́nām) |
| locative | र॒थे॒ष्ठे (ratheṣṭhé) | र॒थे॒ष्ठयोः॑ (ratheṣṭháyoḥ) | र॒थे॒ष्ठेषु॑ (ratheṣṭhéṣu) |
| vocative | रथे॑ष्ठ (rátheṣṭha) | रथे॑ष्ठे (rátheṣṭhe) | रथे॑ष्ठानि (rátheṣṭhāni) रथे॑ष्ठा¹ (rátheṣṭhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “रथेष्ठा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457.