मूक
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit मूक (mūká).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /muːk/
Adjective
मूक • (mūk) (indeclinable)
- mute, speechless
- Synonym: गूंगा (gūṅgā)
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit मूक (mūká).
Adjective
मूक • (mūk)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মূক (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬹᬓ (Balinese script)
- মূক (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰳𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀽𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- မူက (Burmese script)
- મૂક (Gujarati script)
- ਮੂਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍂𑌕 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦹꦏ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂴𑂍 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೂಕ (Kannada script)
- មូក (Khmer script)
- ມູກ (Lao script)
- മൂക (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘴𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠤᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧕𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐹𑐎 (Newa script)
- ମୂକ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢹꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆷𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖳𑖎 (Siddham script)
- මූක (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩜 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚱𑚊 (Takri script)
- மூக (Tamil script)
- మూక (Telugu script)
- มูก (Thai script)
- མཱུ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒴𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *muHkós (“dumb, mute”), from the root *mewH-. Cognate with Ancient Greek μυκός (mukós, “dumb”), Latin mūtus (“dumb, mute”), Old Armenian մունջ (munǰ, “dumb, silent, speechless”). Compare also Finnish mykkä (“mute”), an Indo-European borrowing.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /múː.kɐ/, /muː.kɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /muː.kɐ/
Adjective
मूक॑ or मू॒क • (mū́ka or mūká) stem
- dumb, mute
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 1.4.3.15:
- यदि पञ्चम्यामनुव्याहरेत् । तं प्रति ब्रूयाद्वाचं वा एतदात्मनोऽग्नावाधा वाचात्मन आर्त्तिमारिष्यसि मूको भविष्यसीति तथा हैवस्यात्
- yadi pañcamyāmanuvyāharet. taṃ prati brūyādvācaṃ vā etadātmanoʼgnāvādhā vācātmana ārttimāriṣyasi mūko bhaviṣyasīti tathā haivasyāt
- If any one were to curse him at the fifth verse, he should say to him, "Thereby thou hast put thine own voice into the fire: by that voice of thine shalt thou undergo suffering, thou shalt become dumb!", for this is what would take place.
- यदि पञ्चम्यामनुव्याहरेत् । तं प्रति ब्रूयाद्वाचं वा एतदात्मनोऽग्नावाधा वाचात्मन आर्त्तिमारिष्यसि मूको भविष्यसीति तथा हैवस्यात्
- silent, speechless
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मूकः॑ (mū́kaḥ) | मूकौ॑ (mū́kau) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) मूका॑सः¹ (mū́kāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | मूक॑म् (mū́kam) | मूकौ॑ (mū́kau) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
मूका॑न् (mū́kān) |
| instrumental | मूके॑न (mū́kena) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूकैः॑ (mū́kaiḥ) मूके॑भिः¹ (mū́kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मूका॑य (mū́kāya) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूके॑भ्यः (mū́kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मूका॑त् (mū́kāt) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूके॑भ्यः (mū́kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मूक॑स्य (mū́kasya) | मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूका॑नाम् (mū́kānām) |
| locative | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूके॑षु (mū́keṣu) |
| vocative | मूक॑ (mū́ka) | मूकौ॑ (mū́kau) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) मूका॑सः¹ (mū́kāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मूका॑ (mū́kā) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) |
| accusative | मूका॑म् (mū́kām) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) |
| instrumental | मूक॑या (mū́kayā) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूका॑भिः (mū́kābhiḥ) |
| dative | मूका॑यै (mū́kāyai) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूका॑भ्यः (mū́kābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मूका॑याः (mū́kāyāḥ) मूका॑यै² (mū́kāyai²) |
मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूका॑भ्यः (mū́kābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मूका॑याः (mū́kāyāḥ) मूका॑यै² (mū́kāyai²) |
मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूका॑नाम् (mū́kānām) |
| locative | मूका॑याम् (mū́kāyām) | मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूका॑सु (mū́kāsu) |
| vocative | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मूक॑म् (mū́kam) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूका॑नि (mū́kāni) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
| accusative | मूक॑म् (mū́kam) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूका॑नि (mū́kāni) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
| instrumental | मूके॑न (mū́kena) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूकैः॑ (mū́kaiḥ) मूके॑भिः¹ (mū́kebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मूका॑य (mū́kāya) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूके॑भ्यः (mū́kebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मूका॑त् (mū́kāt) | मूका॑भ्याम् (mū́kābhyām) | मूके॑भ्यः (mū́kebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मूक॑स्य (mū́kasya) | मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूका॑नाम् (mū́kānām) |
| locative | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूक॑योः (mū́kayoḥ) | मूके॑षु (mū́keṣu) |
| vocative | मूक॑ (mū́ka) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूका॑नि (mū́kāni) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒कः (mūkáḥ) | मू॒कौ (mūkáu) मू॒का¹ (mūkā́¹) |
मू॒काः (mūkā́ḥ) मू॒कासः॑¹ (mūkā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | मू॒कम् (mūkám) | मू॒कौ (mūkáu) मू॒का¹ (mūkā́¹) |
मू॒कान् (mūkā́n) |
| instrumental | मू॒केन॑ (mūkéna) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒कैः (mūkáiḥ) मू॒केभिः॑¹ (mūkébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मू॒काय॑ (mūkā́ya) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒केभ्यः॑ (mūkébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒कात् (mūkā́t) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒केभ्यः॑ (mūkébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒कस्य॑ (mūkásya) | मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒काना॑म् (mūkā́nām) |
| locative | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒केषु॑ (mūkéṣu) |
| vocative | मूक॑ (mū́ka) | मूकौ॑ (mū́kau) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) मूका॑सः¹ (mū́kāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒का (mūkā́) | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒काः (mūkā́ḥ) |
| accusative | मू॒काम् (mūkā́m) | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒काः (mūkā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मू॒कया॑ (mūkáyā) मू॒का¹ (mūkā́¹) |
मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒काभिः॑ (mūkā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | मू॒कायै॑ (mūkā́yai) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒काभ्यः॑ (mūkā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒कायाः॑ (mūkā́yāḥ) मू॒कायै॑² (mūkā́yai²) |
मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒काभ्यः॑ (mūkā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒कायाः॑ (mūkā́yāḥ) मू॒कायै॑² (mūkā́yai²) |
मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒काना॑म् (mūkā́nām) |
| locative | मू॒काया॑म् (mūkā́yām) | मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒कासु॑ (mūkā́su) |
| vocative | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूकाः॑ (mū́kāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒कम् (mūkám) | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒कानि॑ (mūkā́ni) मू॒का¹ (mūkā́¹) |
| accusative | मू॒कम् (mūkám) | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒कानि॑ (mūkā́ni) मू॒का¹ (mūkā́¹) |
| instrumental | मू॒केन॑ (mūkéna) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒कैः (mūkáiḥ) मू॒केभिः॑¹ (mūkébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मू॒काय॑ (mūkā́ya) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒केभ्यः॑ (mūkébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒कात् (mūkā́t) | मू॒काभ्या॑म् (mūkā́bhyām) | मू॒केभ्यः॑ (mūkébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒कस्य॑ (mūkásya) | मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒काना॑म् (mūkā́nām) |
| locative | मू॒के (mūké) | मू॒कयोः॑ (mūkáyoḥ) | मू॒केषु॑ (mūkéṣu) |
| vocative | मूक॑ (mū́ka) | मूके॑ (mū́ke) | मूका॑नि (mū́kāni) मूका॑¹ (mū́kā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: mūga
- → Telugu: మూగ (mūga)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀅 (mūa), 𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (mukka)
- → Hindi: मूक (mūk)
- → Kannada: ಮೂಕ (mūka, “dumb, mute”)
- → Marathi: मूक (mūk)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “मूक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 825, column 2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “mū́ka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 365
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mū́ka-”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press