मारयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মাৰয়তি (Assamese script)
ᬫᬵᬭᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
মারয়তি (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰯𑰨𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
မာရယတိ (Burmese script)
મારયતિ (Gujarati script)
ਮਾਰਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌾𑌰𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦴꦫꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂰𑂩𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಮಾರಯತಿ (Kannada script)
មារយតិ (Khmer script)
ມາຣຍຕິ (Lao script)
മാരയതി (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘰𑘨𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢗᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧑𑧈𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ମାରଯତି (Odia script)
ꢪꢵꢬꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆳𑆫𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖯𑖨𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
මාරයති (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩛𑩼𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚭𑚤𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
மாரயதி (Tamil script)
మారయతి (Telugu script)
มารยติ (Thai script)
མཱ་ར་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒰𑒩𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨊𑨫𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *māráyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *māráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *moréyeti (“to kill”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬭- (mar-), Persian (mordan), Northern Kurdish mirin, مردن (mirdin), Old Armenian մեռանիմ (meṙanim), Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti), Lithuanian mirti, Latin morior. By surface analysis, from the root मृ (mṛ) +‎ -अयति (-ayati).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑː.ɾɐ.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɑː.ɾɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

मारयति • (mārayati) third-singular indicative (class 10, type P, causative, root मृ)

to cause to die, kill

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: मा॒रयि॑तुम् (māráyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	मा॒रयि॑तुम् māráyitum
Gerund	मा॒र॒यि॒त्वा mārayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	मा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / मा॒र॒नीय॑ mārayitavyà / māranī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	मा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / मा॒र॒नीया॑ mārayitavyā̀ / māranī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	मा॒रि॒त māritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	मा॒रि॒ता māritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	मा॒रि॒तव॑त् māritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	मा॒रि॒तव॑ती māritávatī

Present: मा॒रय॑ति (māráyati), मा॒रय॑ते (māráyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	मा॒रय॑ति māráyati	मा॒रय॑तः māráyataḥ	मा॒रय॑न्ति māráyanti	मा॒रय॑ते māráyate	मा॒रये॑ते māráyete	मा॒रय॑न्ते māráyante
Second	मा॒रय॑सि māráyasi	मा॒रय॑थः māráyathaḥ	मा॒रय॑थ māráyatha	मा॒रय॑से māráyase	मा॒रये॑थे māráyethe	मा॒रय॑ध्वे māráyadhve
First	मा॒रया॑मि māráyāmi	मा॒रया॑वः māráyāvaḥ	मा॒रया॑मः / मा॒रया॑मसि¹ māráyāmaḥ / māráyāmasi¹	मा॒रये॑ māráye	मा॒रया॑वहे māráyāvahe	मा॒रया॑महे māráyāmahe
Imperative
Third	मा॒रय॑तु māráyatu	मा॒रय॑ताम् māráyatām	मा॒रय॑न्तु māráyantu	मा॒रय॑ताम् māráyatām	मा॒रये॑ताम् māráyetām	मा॒रय॑न्ताम् māráyantām
Second	मा॒रय॑ māráya	मा॒रय॑तम् māráyatam	मा॒रय॑त māráyata	मा॒रय॑स्व māráyasva	मा॒रये॑थाम् māráyethām	मा॒रय॑ध्वम् māráyadhvam
First	मा॒रया॑णि māráyāṇi	मा॒रया॑व māráyāva	मा॒रया॑म māráyāma	मा॒रयै॑ māráyai	मा॒रया॑वहै māráyāvahai	मा॒रया॑महै māráyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	मा॒रये॑त् māráyet	मा॒रये॑ताम् māráyetām	मा॒रये॑युः māráyeyuḥ	मा॒रये॑त māráyeta	मा॒रये॑याताम् māráyeyātām	मा॒रये॑रन् māráyeran
Second	मा॒रयेः॑ māráyeḥ	मा॒रये॑तम् māráyetam	मा॒रये॑त māráyeta	मा॒रये॑थाः māráyethāḥ	मा॒रये॑याथाम् māráyeyāthām	मा॒रये॑ध्वम् māráyedhvam
First	मा॒रये॑यम् māráyeyam	मा॒रये॑व māráyeva	मा॒रये॑म māráyema	मा॒रये॑य māráyeya	मा॒रये॑वहि māráyevahi	मा॒रये॑महि māráyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	मा॒रया॑त् / मा॒रया॑ति māráyāt / māráyāti	मा॒रया॑तः māráyātaḥ	मा॒रया॑न् māráyān	मा॒रया॑ते / मा॒रया॑तै māráyāte / māráyātai	मा॒रयै॑ते māráyaite	मा॒रय॑न्त / मा॒रया॑न्तै māráyanta / māráyāntai
Second	मा॒रयाः॑ / मा॒रया॑सि māráyāḥ / māráyāsi	मा॒रया॑थः māráyāthaḥ	मा॒रया॑थ māráyātha	मा॒रया॑से / मा॒रया॑सै māráyāse / māráyāsai	मा॒रयै॑थे māráyaithe	मा॒रया॑ध्वै māráyādhvai
First	मा॒रया॑णि māráyāṇi	मा॒रया॑व māráyāva	मा॒रया॑म māráyāma	मा॒रयै॑ māráyai	मा॒रया॑वहै māráyāvahai	मा॒रया॑महै māráyāmahai
Participles
	मा॒रय॑त् māráyat			मा॒रय॑माण / मारयाण² māráyamāṇa / mārayāṇa²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अमा॑रयत् (ámārayat), अमा॑रयत (ámārayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अमा॑रयत् ámārayat	अमा॑रयताम् ámārayatām	अमा॑रयन् ámārayan	अमा॑रयत ámārayata	अमा॑रयेताम् ámārayetām	अमा॑रयन्त ámārayanta
Second	अमा॑रयः ámārayaḥ	अमा॑रयतम् ámārayatam	अमा॑रयत ámārayata	अमा॑रयथाः ámārayathāḥ	अमा॑रयेथाम् ámārayethām	अमा॑रयध्वम् ámārayadhvam
First	अमा॑रयम् ámārayam	अमा॑रयाव ámārayāva	अमा॑रयाम ámārayāma	अमा॑रये ámāraye	अमा॑रयावहि ámārayāvahi	अमा॑रयामहि ámārayāmahi

Future: मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (mārayiṣyáti), मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (mārayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ mārayiṣyáti	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ mārayiṣyátaḥ	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ mārayiṣyánti	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ mārayiṣyáte	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्येते॑ mārayiṣyéte	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ mārayiṣyánte
Second	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ mārayiṣyási	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ mārayiṣyáthaḥ	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ mārayiṣyátha	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ mārayiṣyáse	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ mārayiṣyéthe	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ mārayiṣyádhve
First	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ mārayiṣyā́mi	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ mārayiṣyā́vaḥ	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / मा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ mārayiṣyā́maḥ / mārayiṣyā́masi¹	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्ये mārayiṣyé	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे mārayiṣyā́vahe	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे mārayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यत् mārayiṣyát			मा॒र॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण mārayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अमा॑रयिष्यत् (ámārayiṣyat), अमा॑रयिष्यत (ámārayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अमा॑रयिष्यत् ámārayiṣyat	अमा॑रयिष्यताम् ámārayiṣyatām	अमा॑रयिष्यन् ámārayiṣyan	अमा॑रयिष्यत ámārayiṣyata	अमा॑रयिष्येताम् ámārayiṣyetām	अमा॑रयिष्यन्त ámārayiṣyanta
Second	अमा॑रयिष्यः ámārayiṣyaḥ	अमा॑रयिष्यतम् ámārayiṣyatam	अमा॑रयिष्यत ámārayiṣyata	अमा॑रयिष्यथाः ámārayiṣyathāḥ	अमा॑रयिष्येथाम् ámārayiṣyethām	अमा॑रयिष्यध्वम् ámārayiṣyadhvam
First	अमा॑रयिष्यम् ámārayiṣyam	अमा॑रयिष्याव ámārayiṣyāva	अमा॑रयिष्याम ámārayiṣyāma	अमा॑रयिष्ये ámārayiṣye	अमा॑रयिष्यावहि ámārayiṣyāvahi	अमा॑रयिष्यामहि ámārayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: मा॒र्यात् (māryā́t) or मा॒र्याः (māryā́ḥ), मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (mārayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	मा॒र्यात् / मा॒र्याः¹ māryā́t / māryā́ḥ¹	मा॒र्यास्ता॑म् māryā́stām	मा॒र्यासुः॑ māryā́suḥ	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट mārayiṣīṣṭá	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² mārayiṣīyā́stām²	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒रन् mārayiṣīrán
Second	मा॒र्याः māryā́ḥ	मा॒र्यास्त॑म् māryā́stam	मा॒र्यास्त॑ māryā́sta	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः mārayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² mārayiṣīyā́sthām²	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् mārayiṣīḍhvám
First	मा॒र्यास॑म् māryā́sam	मा॒र्यास्व॑ māryā́sva	मा॒र्यास्म॑ māryā́sma	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒य mārayiṣīyá	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ mārayiṣīváhi	मा॒र॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ mārayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: मा॒र॒यामास॑ (mārayā́mā́sa) or मा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ (mārayā́ṃcakā́ra), मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे (mārayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	मा॒र॒यामास॑ / मा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ mārayā́mā́sa / mārayā́ṃcakā́ra	मा॒र॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ mārayā́māsátuḥ / mārayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	मा॒र॒यामा॒सुः / मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रुः mārayā́māsúḥ / mārayā́ṃcakrúḥ	मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे mārayā́ṃcakré	मा॒र॒यांच॒क्राते॑ mārayā́ṃcakrā́te	मा॒र॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे mārayā́ṃcakriré
Second	मा॒र॒यामासि॑थ / मा॒र॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ mārayā́mā́sitha / mārayā́ṃcakártha	मा॒र॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ mārayā́māsáthuḥ / mārayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	मा॒र॒यामा॒स / मा॒र॒यांच॒क्र mārayā́māsá / mārayā́ṃcakrá	मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒षे mārayā́ṃcakṛṣé	मा॒र॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ mārayā́ṃcakrā́the	मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे mārayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	मा॒र॒यामास॑ / मा॒र॒यांच॒कर॑ mārayā́mā́sa / mārayā́ṃcakára	मा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒व / मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒व mārayā́māsivá / mārayā́ṃcakṛvá	मा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒म / मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒म mārayā́māsimá / mārayā́ṃcakṛmá	मा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे mārayā́ṃcakré	मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ mārayā́ṃcakṛváhe	मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ mārayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	मा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / मा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् mārayā́māsivā́ṃs / mārayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			मा॒र॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण mārayā́ṃcakrāṇá

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: mārun
  Arabic script: مارُن
  
  Devanagari script: मारुन
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Old Awadhi: मारइ (māraï)
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: මැරෙනවා (mærenawā)
Khasa Prakrit:
- Central Pahari:
  - Kumaoni: मार्णो (mārṇo)
- Eastern Pahari:
  - Nepali: मार्नु (mārnu)
- Western Pahari:
  - Bhadrawahi: मार्णू (mārṇū)
  - Pangwali: माना (mānā)
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মাৰ (mar)
- Bengali: মারা (mara)
- Bihari:
  - Maithili: मारब (mārab)
- Odia: ମାରିବା (māribā)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Marathi: मारणे (mārṇe)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: mārnā
  Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਰਨਾ
  
  Shahmukhi script: مارنا
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Gujarati: મારવું (mārvũ)
- Hindustani: mārnā
  - Hindi: मारना
  - Urdu: مارنا

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mārayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press