भारयति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Etymology

The verb attested in the Atharvaveda is either secondarily derived from synonymous भरति (bhárati) or inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰāráyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréyeti (whence Ancient Greek φορέω (phoréō)).[1]

The causative verb in the Mahābhārata is a later creation from the root भृ (bhṛ) +‎ -अयति (-ayati).

Pronunciation

Verb

भा॒रय॑ति • (bhāráyati) third-singular indicative (class 10, causative, root भृ)

  1. to carry (AV.Paipp.)[1]
  2. to cause to bear, engage for hire (MBh.)[2]

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: भा॒रयि॑तुम् (bhāráyitum)
Undeclinable
Infinitive भा॒रयि॑तुम्
bhāráyitum
Gerund भा॒र॒यि॒त्वा
bhārayitvā́
Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive भा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / भा॒र॒नीय॑
bhārayitavyà / bhāranī́ya
Feminine Gerundive भा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / भा॒र॒नीया॑
bhārayitavyā̀ / bhāranī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle भा॒रि॒त
bhāritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle भा॒रि॒ता
bhāritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle भा॒रि॒तव॑त्
bhāritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle भा॒रि॒तव॑ती
bhāritávatī
Present: भा॒रय॑ति (bhāráyati), भा॒रय॑ते (bhāráyate)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third भा॒रय॑ति
bhāráyati
भा॒रय॑तः
bhāráyataḥ
भा॒रय॑न्ति
bhāráyanti
भा॒रय॑ते
bhāráyate
भा॒रये॑ते
bhāráyete
भा॒रय॑न्ते
bhāráyante
Second भा॒रय॑सि
bhāráyasi
भा॒रय॑थः
bhāráyathaḥ
भा॒रय॑थ
bhāráyatha
भा॒रय॑से
bhāráyase
भा॒रये॑थे
bhāráyethe
भा॒रय॑ध्वे
bhāráyadhve
First भा॒रया॑मि
bhāráyāmi
भा॒रया॑वः
bhāráyāvaḥ
भा॒रया॑मः / भा॒रया॑मसि¹
bhāráyāmaḥ / bhāráyāmasi¹
भा॒रये॑
bhāráye
भा॒रया॑वहे
bhāráyāvahe
भा॒रया॑महे
bhāráyāmahe
Imperative
Third भा॒रय॑तु
bhāráyatu
भा॒रय॑ताम्
bhāráyatām
भा॒रय॑न्तु
bhāráyantu
भा॒रय॑ताम्
bhāráyatām
भा॒रये॑ताम्
bhāráyetām
भा॒रय॑न्ताम्
bhāráyantām
Second भा॒रय॑
bhāráya
भा॒रय॑तम्
bhāráyatam
भा॒रय॑त
bhāráyata
भा॒रय॑स्व
bhāráyasva
भा॒रये॑थाम्
bhāráyethām
भा॒रय॑ध्वम्
bhāráyadhvam
First भा॒रया॑णि
bhāráyāṇi
भा॒रया॑व
bhāráyāva
भा॒रया॑म
bhāráyāma
भा॒रयै॑
bhāráyai
भा॒रया॑वहै
bhāráyāvahai
भा॒रया॑महै
bhāráyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third भा॒रये॑त्
bhāráyet
भा॒रये॑ताम्
bhāráyetām
भा॒रये॑युः
bhāráyeyuḥ
भा॒रये॑त
bhāráyeta
भा॒रये॑याताम्
bhāráyeyātām
भा॒रये॑रन्
bhāráyeran
Second भा॒रयेः॑
bhāráyeḥ
भा॒रये॑तम्
bhāráyetam
भा॒रये॑त
bhāráyeta
भा॒रये॑थाः
bhāráyethāḥ
भा॒रये॑याथाम्
bhāráyeyāthām
भा॒रये॑ध्वम्
bhāráyedhvam
First भा॒रये॑यम्
bhāráyeyam
भा॒रये॑व
bhāráyeva
भा॒रये॑म
bhāráyema
भा॒रये॑य
bhāráyeya
भा॒रये॑वहि
bhāráyevahi
भा॒रये॑महि
bhāráyemahi
Subjunctive
Third भा॒रया॑त् / भा॒रया॑ति
bhāráyāt / bhāráyāti
भा॒रया॑तः
bhāráyātaḥ
भा॒रया॑न्
bhāráyān
भा॒रया॑ते / भा॒रया॑तै
bhāráyāte / bhāráyātai
भा॒रयै॑ते
bhāráyaite
भा॒रय॑न्त / भा॒रया॑न्तै
bhāráyanta / bhāráyāntai
Second भा॒रयाः॑ / भा॒रया॑सि
bhāráyāḥ / bhāráyāsi
भा॒रया॑थः
bhāráyāthaḥ
भा॒रया॑थ
bhāráyātha
भा॒रया॑से / भा॒रया॑सै
bhāráyāse / bhāráyāsai
भा॒रयै॑थे
bhāráyaithe
भा॒रया॑ध्वै
bhāráyādhvai
First भा॒रया॑णि
bhāráyāṇi
भा॒रया॑व
bhāráyāva
भा॒रया॑म
bhāráyāma
भा॒रयै॑
bhāráyai
भा॒रया॑वहै
bhāráyāvahai
भा॒रया॑महै
bhāráyāmahai
Participles
भा॒रय॑त्
bhāráyat
भा॒रय॑माण / भारयाण²
bhāráyamāṇa / bhārayāṇa²
Notes
  • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Later Sanskrit
Imperfect: अभा॑रयत् (ábhārayat), अभा॑रयत (ábhārayata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अभा॑रयत्
ábhārayat
अभा॑रयताम्
ábhārayatām
अभा॑रयन्
ábhārayan
अभा॑रयत
ábhārayata
अभा॑रयेताम्
ábhārayetām
अभा॑रयन्त
ábhārayanta
Second अभा॑रयः
ábhārayaḥ
अभा॑रयतम्
ábhārayatam
अभा॑रयत
ábhārayata
अभा॑रयथाः
ábhārayathāḥ
अभा॑रयेथाम्
ábhārayethām
अभा॑रयध्वम्
ábhārayadhvam
First अभा॑रयम्
ábhārayam
अभा॑रयाव
ábhārayāva
अभा॑रयाम
ábhārayāma
अभा॑रये
ábhāraye
अभा॑रयावहि
ábhārayāvahi
अभा॑रयामहि
ábhārayāmahi
Future: भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (bhārayiṣyáti), भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (bhārayiṣyáte)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑
bhārayiṣyáti
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यतः॑
bhārayiṣyátaḥ
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑
bhārayiṣyánti
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑
bhārayiṣyáte
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्येते॑
bhārayiṣyéte
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑
bhārayiṣyánte
Second भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसि॑
bhārayiṣyási
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथः॑
bhārayiṣyáthaḥ
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथ॑
bhārayiṣyátha
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसे॑
bhārayiṣyáse
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्येथे॑
bhārayiṣyéthe
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑
bhārayiṣyádhve
First भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामि॑
bhārayiṣyā́mi
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यावः॑
bhārayiṣyā́vaḥ
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹
bhārayiṣyā́maḥ / bhārayiṣyā́masi¹
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्ये
bhārayiṣyé
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे
bhārayiṣyā́vahe
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे
bhārayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यत्
bhārayiṣyát
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण
bhārayiṣyámāṇa
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Conditional: अभा॑रयिष्यत् (ábhārayiṣyat), अभा॑रयिष्यत (ábhārayiṣyata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अभा॑रयिष्यत्
ábhārayiṣyat
अभा॑रयिष्यताम्
ábhārayiṣyatām
अभा॑रयिष्यन्
ábhārayiṣyan
अभा॑रयिष्यत
ábhārayiṣyata
अभा॑रयिष्येताम्
ábhārayiṣyetām
अभा॑रयिष्यन्त
ábhārayiṣyanta
Second अभा॑रयिष्यः
ábhārayiṣyaḥ
अभा॑रयिष्यतम्
ábhārayiṣyatam
अभा॑रयिष्यत
ábhārayiṣyata
अभा॑रयिष्यथाः
ábhārayiṣyathāḥ
अभा॑रयिष्येथाम्
ábhārayiṣyethām
अभा॑रयिष्यध्वम्
ábhārayiṣyadhvam
First अभा॑रयिष्यम्
ábhārayiṣyam
अभा॑रयिष्याव
ábhārayiṣyāva
अभा॑रयिष्याम
ábhārayiṣyāma
अभा॑रयिष्ये
ábhārayiṣye
अभा॑रयिष्यावहि
ábhārayiṣyāvahi
अभा॑रयिष्यामहि
ábhārayiṣyāmahi
Benedictive/Precative: भा॒र्यात् (bhāryā́t) or भा॒र्याः (bhāryā́ḥ), भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (bhārayiṣīṣṭá)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Optative/Potential
Third भा॒र्यात् / भा॒र्याः¹
bhāryā́t / bhāryā́ḥ¹
भा॒र्यास्ता॑म्
bhāryā́stām
भा॒र्यासुः॑
bhāryā́suḥ
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट
bhārayiṣīṣṭá
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्²
bhārayiṣīyā́stām²
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒रन्
bhārayiṣīrán
Second भा॒र्याः
bhāryā́ḥ
भा॒र्यास्त॑म्
bhāryā́stam
भा॒र्यास्त॑
bhāryā́sta
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः
bhārayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्²
bhārayiṣīyā́sthām²
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम्
bhārayiṣīḍhvám
First भा॒र्यास॑म्
bhāryā́sam
भा॒र्यास्व॑
bhāryā́sva
भा॒र्यास्म॑
bhāryā́sma
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒य
bhārayiṣīyá
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑
bhārayiṣīváhi
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒महि॑
bhārayiṣīmáhi
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Uncertain
Perfect: भा॒र॒यामास॑ (bhārayā́mā́sa) or भा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ (bhārayā́ṃcakā́ra), भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे (bhārayā́ṃcakré)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third भा॒र॒यामास॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑
bhārayā́mā́sa / bhārayā́ṃcakā́ra
भा॒र॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑
bhārayā́māsátuḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakrátuḥ
भा॒र॒यामा॒सुः / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रुः
bhārayā́māsúḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakrúḥ
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे
bhārayā́ṃcakré
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्राते॑
bhārayā́ṃcakrā́te
भा॒र॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे
bhārayā́ṃcakriré
Second भा॒र॒यामासि॑थ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कर्थ॑
bhārayā́mā́sitha / bhārayā́ṃcakártha
भा॒र॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑
bhārayā́māsáthuḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakráthuḥ
भा॒र॒यामा॒स / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्र
bhārayā́māsá / bhārayā́ṃcakrá
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒षे
bhārayā́ṃcakṛṣé
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्राथे॑
bhārayā́ṃcakrā́the
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे
bhārayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First भा॒र॒यामास॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कर॑
bhārayā́mā́sa / bhārayā́ṃcakára
भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒व / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒व
bhārayā́māsivá / bhārayā́ṃcakṛvá
भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒म / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒म
bhārayā́māsimá / bhārayā́ṃcakṛmá
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे
bhārayā́ṃcakré
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑
bhārayā́ṃcakṛváhe
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑
bhārayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस्
bhārayā́māsivā́ṃs / bhārayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs
भा॒र॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण
bhārayā́ṃcakrāṇá

Derived terms

  • संभारयति (saṃbhārayati)

Descendants

  • Hindi: भारना (bhārnā, to give a load to, load, carry, press)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Paippalāda Recension of the Atharvaveda, Online Edition: 12.19.5
  2. ^ Monier Williams (1899), “भृ bhri”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 764, column 3:bhārayati

Further reading

  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bhārayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 539
  • पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.1045
  • Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 199
  • Vale, Ramchandra Narayan (1948), Verbal Composition in Indo-Aryan (Deccan College Dissertation Series)‎[1], Poona [Pune]: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, page 186
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 128
  • Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “bhṛ”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “bhāray”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.