भारयति
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ভাৰয়তি (Assamese script)
- ᬪᬵᬭᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- ভারয়তি (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰯𑰨𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဘာရယတိ (Burmese script)
- ભારયતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਭਾਰਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑌾𑌰𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦴꦫꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂰𑂩𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಭಾರಯತಿ (Kannada script)
- ភារយតិ (Khmer script)
- ຠາຣຍຕິ (Lao script)
- ഭാരയതി (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘰𑘨𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧑𑧈𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଭାରଯତି (Odia script)
- ꢩꢵꢬꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑆳𑆫𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖯𑖨𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- භාරයති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳𑩛𑩼𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚭𑚤𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- ப⁴ாரயதி (Tamil script)
- భారయతి (Telugu script)
- ภารยติ (Thai script)
- བྷཱ་ར་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑒰𑒩𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑨊𑨫𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
The verb attested in the Atharvaveda is either secondarily derived from synonymous भरति (bhárati) or inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰāráyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréyeti (whence Ancient Greek φορέω (phoréō)).[1]
The causative verb in the Mahābhārata is a later creation from the root भृ (bhṛ) + -अयति (-ayati).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bʱɑː.ɾɐ́.jɐ.ti/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /bʱɑː.ɾɐ.jɐ.t̪i/
Verb
भा॒रय॑ति • (bhāráyati) third-singular indicative (class 10, causative, root भृ)
Conjugation
Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.
| Nonfinite Forms: भा॒रयि॑तुम् (bhāráyitum) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Undeclinable | |||
| Infinitive | भा॒रयि॑तुम् bhāráyitum | ||
| Gerund | भा॒र॒यि॒त्वा bhārayitvā́ | ||
| Participles | |||
| Masculine/Neuter Gerundive | भा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / भा॒र॒नीय॑ bhārayitavyà / bhāranī́ya | ||
| Feminine Gerundive | भा॒र॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / भा॒र॒नीया॑ bhārayitavyā̀ / bhāranī́yā | ||
| Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle | भा॒रि॒त bhāritá | ||
| Feminine Past Passive Participle | भा॒रि॒ता bhāritā́ | ||
| Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle | भा॒रि॒तव॑त् bhāritávat | ||
| Feminine Past Active Participle | भा॒रि॒तव॑ती bhāritávatī | ||
| Present: भा॒रय॑ति (bhāráyati), भा॒रय॑ते (bhāráyate) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | |||||||
| Third | भा॒रय॑ति bhāráyati |
भा॒रय॑तः bhāráyataḥ |
भा॒रय॑न्ति bhāráyanti |
भा॒रय॑ते bhāráyate |
भा॒रये॑ते bhāráyete |
भा॒रय॑न्ते bhāráyante | |
| Second | भा॒रय॑सि bhāráyasi |
भा॒रय॑थः bhāráyathaḥ |
भा॒रय॑थ bhāráyatha |
भा॒रय॑से bhāráyase |
भा॒रये॑थे bhāráyethe |
भा॒रय॑ध्वे bhāráyadhve | |
| First | भा॒रया॑मि bhāráyāmi |
भा॒रया॑वः bhāráyāvaḥ |
भा॒रया॑मः / भा॒रया॑मसि¹ bhāráyāmaḥ / bhāráyāmasi¹ |
भा॒रये॑ bhāráye |
भा॒रया॑वहे bhāráyāvahe |
भा॒रया॑महे bhāráyāmahe | |
| Imperative | |||||||
| Third | भा॒रय॑तु bhāráyatu |
भा॒रय॑ताम् bhāráyatām |
भा॒रय॑न्तु bhāráyantu |
भा॒रय॑ताम् bhāráyatām |
भा॒रये॑ताम् bhāráyetām |
भा॒रय॑न्ताम् bhāráyantām | |
| Second | भा॒रय॑ bhāráya |
भा॒रय॑तम् bhāráyatam |
भा॒रय॑त bhāráyata |
भा॒रय॑स्व bhāráyasva |
भा॒रये॑थाम् bhāráyethām |
भा॒रय॑ध्वम् bhāráyadhvam | |
| First | भा॒रया॑णि bhāráyāṇi |
भा॒रया॑व bhāráyāva |
भा॒रया॑म bhāráyāma |
भा॒रयै॑ bhāráyai |
भा॒रया॑वहै bhāráyāvahai |
भा॒रया॑महै bhāráyāmahai | |
| Optative/Potential | |||||||
| Third | भा॒रये॑त् bhāráyet |
भा॒रये॑ताम् bhāráyetām |
भा॒रये॑युः bhāráyeyuḥ |
भा॒रये॑त bhāráyeta |
भा॒रये॑याताम् bhāráyeyātām |
भा॒रये॑रन् bhāráyeran | |
| Second | भा॒रयेः॑ bhāráyeḥ |
भा॒रये॑तम् bhāráyetam |
भा॒रये॑त bhāráyeta |
भा॒रये॑थाः bhāráyethāḥ |
भा॒रये॑याथाम् bhāráyeyāthām |
भा॒रये॑ध्वम् bhāráyedhvam | |
| First | भा॒रये॑यम् bhāráyeyam |
भा॒रये॑व bhāráyeva |
भा॒रये॑म bhāráyema |
भा॒रये॑य bhāráyeya |
भा॒रये॑वहि bhāráyevahi |
भा॒रये॑महि bhāráyemahi | |
| Subjunctive | |||||||
| Third | भा॒रया॑त् / भा॒रया॑ति bhāráyāt / bhāráyāti |
भा॒रया॑तः bhāráyātaḥ |
भा॒रया॑न् bhāráyān |
भा॒रया॑ते / भा॒रया॑तै bhāráyāte / bhāráyātai |
भा॒रयै॑ते bhāráyaite |
भा॒रय॑न्त / भा॒रया॑न्तै bhāráyanta / bhāráyāntai | |
| Second | भा॒रयाः॑ / भा॒रया॑सि bhāráyāḥ / bhāráyāsi |
भा॒रया॑थः bhāráyāthaḥ |
भा॒रया॑थ bhāráyātha |
भा॒रया॑से / भा॒रया॑सै bhāráyāse / bhāráyāsai |
भा॒रयै॑थे bhāráyaithe |
भा॒रया॑ध्वै bhāráyādhvai | |
| First | भा॒रया॑णि bhāráyāṇi |
भा॒रया॑व bhāráyāva |
भा॒रया॑म bhāráyāma |
भा॒रयै॑ bhāráyai |
भा॒रया॑वहै bhāráyāvahai |
भा॒रया॑महै bhāráyāmahai | |
| Participles | |||||||
| भा॒रय॑त् bhāráyat |
भा॒रय॑माण / भारयाण² bhāráyamāṇa / bhārayāṇa² | ||||||
| Notes |
| ||||||
| Imperfect: अभा॑रयत् (ábhārayat), अभा॑रयत (ábhārayata) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | |||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Indicative | ||||||
| Third | अभा॑रयत् ábhārayat |
अभा॑रयताम् ábhārayatām |
अभा॑रयन् ábhārayan |
अभा॑रयत ábhārayata |
अभा॑रयेताम् ábhārayetām |
अभा॑रयन्त ábhārayanta |
| Second | अभा॑रयः ábhārayaḥ |
अभा॑रयतम् ábhārayatam |
अभा॑रयत ábhārayata |
अभा॑रयथाः ábhārayathāḥ |
अभा॑रयेथाम् ábhārayethām |
अभा॑रयध्वम् ábhārayadhvam |
| First | अभा॑रयम् ábhārayam |
अभा॑रयाव ábhārayāva |
अभा॑रयाम ábhārayāma |
अभा॑रये ábhāraye |
अभा॑रयावहि ábhārayāvahi |
अभा॑रयामहि ábhārayāmahi |
| Future: भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (bhārayiṣyáti), भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (bhārayiṣyáte) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | |||||||
| Third | भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ bhārayiṣyáti |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ bhārayiṣyátaḥ |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ bhārayiṣyánti |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ bhārayiṣyáte |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्येते॑ bhārayiṣyéte |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ bhārayiṣyánte | |
| Second | भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ bhārayiṣyási |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ bhārayiṣyáthaḥ |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ bhārayiṣyátha |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ bhārayiṣyáse |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ bhārayiṣyéthe |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ bhārayiṣyádhve | |
| First | भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ bhārayiṣyā́mi |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ bhārayiṣyā́vaḥ |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ bhārayiṣyā́maḥ / bhārayiṣyā́masi¹ |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्ये bhārayiṣyé |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे bhārayiṣyā́vahe |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे bhārayiṣyā́mahe | |
| Participles | |||||||
| भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यत् bhārayiṣyát |
भा॒र॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण bhārayiṣyámāṇa | ||||||
| Notes |
| ||||||
| Conditional: अभा॑रयिष्यत् (ábhārayiṣyat), अभा॑रयिष्यत (ábhārayiṣyata) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | |||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Indicative | ||||||
| Third | अभा॑रयिष्यत् ábhārayiṣyat |
अभा॑रयिष्यताम् ábhārayiṣyatām |
अभा॑रयिष्यन् ábhārayiṣyan |
अभा॑रयिष्यत ábhārayiṣyata |
अभा॑रयिष्येताम् ábhārayiṣyetām |
अभा॑रयिष्यन्त ábhārayiṣyanta |
| Second | अभा॑रयिष्यः ábhārayiṣyaḥ |
अभा॑रयिष्यतम् ábhārayiṣyatam |
अभा॑रयिष्यत ábhārayiṣyata |
अभा॑रयिष्यथाः ábhārayiṣyathāḥ |
अभा॑रयिष्येथाम् ábhārayiṣyethām |
अभा॑रयिष्यध्वम् ábhārayiṣyadhvam |
| First | अभा॑रयिष्यम् ábhārayiṣyam |
अभा॑रयिष्याव ábhārayiṣyāva |
अभा॑रयिष्याम ábhārayiṣyāma |
अभा॑रयिष्ये ábhārayiṣye |
अभा॑रयिष्यावहि ábhārayiṣyāvahi |
अभा॑रयिष्यामहि ábhārayiṣyāmahi |
| Benedictive/Precative: भा॒र्यात् (bhāryā́t) or भा॒र्याः (bhāryā́ḥ), भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (bhārayiṣīṣṭá) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Optative/Potential | |||||||
| Third | भा॒र्यात् / भा॒र्याः¹ bhāryā́t / bhāryā́ḥ¹ |
भा॒र्यास्ता॑म् bhāryā́stām |
भा॒र्यासुः॑ bhāryā́suḥ |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट bhārayiṣīṣṭá |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² bhārayiṣīyā́stām² |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒रन् bhārayiṣīrán | |
| Second | भा॒र्याः bhāryā́ḥ |
भा॒र्यास्त॑म् bhāryā́stam |
भा॒र्यास्त॑ bhāryā́sta |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः bhārayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² bhārayiṣīyā́sthām² |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् bhārayiṣīḍhvám | |
| First | भा॒र्यास॑म् bhāryā́sam |
भा॒र्यास्व॑ bhāryā́sva |
भा॒र्यास्म॑ bhāryā́sma |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒य bhārayiṣīyá |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ bhārayiṣīváhi |
भा॒र॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ bhārayiṣīmáhi | |
| Notes |
| ||||||
| Perfect: भा॒र॒यामास॑ (bhārayā́mā́sa) or भा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ (bhārayā́ṃcakā́ra), भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे (bhārayā́ṃcakré) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | |||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Indicative | ||||||
| Third | भा॒र॒यामास॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ bhārayā́mā́sa / bhārayā́ṃcakā́ra |
भा॒र॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ bhārayā́māsátuḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakrátuḥ |
भा॒र॒यामा॒सुः / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रुः bhārayā́māsúḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakrúḥ |
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे bhārayā́ṃcakré |
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्राते॑ bhārayā́ṃcakrā́te |
भा॒र॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे bhārayā́ṃcakriré |
| Second | भा॒र॒यामासि॑थ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ bhārayā́mā́sitha / bhārayā́ṃcakártha |
भा॒र॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ bhārayā́māsáthuḥ / bhārayā́ṃcakráthuḥ |
भा॒र॒यामा॒स / भा॒र॒यांच॒क्र bhārayā́māsá / bhārayā́ṃcakrá |
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒षे bhārayā́ṃcakṛṣé |
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ bhārayā́ṃcakrā́the |
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे bhārayā́ṃcakṛdhvé |
| First | भा॒र॒यामास॑ / भा॒र॒यांच॒कर॑ bhārayā́mā́sa / bhārayā́ṃcakára |
भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒व / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒व bhārayā́māsivá / bhārayā́ṃcakṛvá |
भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒म / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒म bhārayā́māsimá / bhārayā́ṃcakṛmá |
भा॒र॒यांच॒क्रे bhārayā́ṃcakré |
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ bhārayā́ṃcakṛváhe |
भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ bhārayā́ṃcakṛmáhe |
| Participles | ||||||
| भा॒र॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / भा॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् bhārayā́māsivā́ṃs / bhārayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs |
भा॒र॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण bhārayā́ṃcakrāṇá | |||||
Derived terms
- संभारयति (saṃbhārayati)
Descendants
- Hindi: भारना (bhārnā, “to give a load to, load, carry, press”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Paippalāda Recension of the Atharvaveda, Online Edition: 12.19.5
- ^ Monier Williams (1899), “भृ bhri”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 764, column 3: “bhārayati”
Further reading
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 114
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bhārayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 539
- पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.1045
- Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 199
- Vale, Ramchandra Narayan (1948), Verbal Composition in Indo-Aryan (Deccan College Dissertation Series)[1], Poona [Pune]: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, page 186
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 128
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “bhṛ”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “bhāray”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.