बिडाल

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

विडाल (viḍāla), विराल (virāla)

Alternative scripts

বিডাল (Assamese script)
ᬩᬶᬟᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
বিডাল (Bengali script)
𑰤𑰰𑰚𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀩𑀺𑀟𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ဗိဍာလ (Burmese script)
બિડાલ (Gujarati script)
ਬਿਡਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌬𑌿𑌡𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦧꦶꦝꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂥𑂱𑂙𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಬಿಡಾಲ (Kannada script)
ពិឌាល (Khmer script)
ພິຑາລ (Lao script)
ബിഡാല (Malayalam script)
ᠪᡳᡷᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘤𑘱𑘚𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠪᠢᢎᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧄𑧒𑦺𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐧𑐶𑐜𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
ବିଡାଲ (Odia script)
ꢨꢶꢞꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆧𑆴𑆝𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖤𑖰𑖚𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
බිඩාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩲𑩑𑩨𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚠𑚮𑚖𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
பி³ட³ால (Tamil script)
బిడాల (Telugu script)
พิฑาล (Thai script)
བི་ཌཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒥𑒱𑒛𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨠𑨁𑨖𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin, though probably a foreign borrowing, likely Dravidian; note Gondi बीलाल (bīlāl, “cat”),^[1] Proto-Dravidian *pillV (“cat”). Often connected to Proto-Dravidian *weruku (“cat”), whence Old Kannada ಬೆರ್ಕು (berku), though the phonetic mismatch makes a connection unlikely.^[2]

Burrow suggests a derivation from an unattested *विदाल (*vidāla, “animal which attacks and tears to pieces [small] birds”), from वि- (vi-) +‎ दाल (dāla), the latter component a vṛddhi derivative of दल (dala, “splitting”).^[2]

The lexicographic "eyeball" sense is likely related; note the existence of an unrelated term, नेत्रपिण्ड (netrapiṇḍa), meaning both "cat" (figurative) and "eyeball" (literal), suggesting that cats were noted for their piercing eyes.^[3] This would suggest "eyeball" to be likely the original sense. Burrow further compares the word in the "eyeball" sense with Konda-Dora [script needed] (biṛp-, “to blink”), Tulu ಬುಳಾವು (buḷāvu, “to open as the eyes”), Tamil விழி (viḻi, “eye”),^[4] though Mayrhofer is skeptical.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bi.ɖɑː.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bi.ɖɑː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

बिडाल • (biḍāla) stem, m

cat (especially a male one)
(L.) eyeball
remedy for the eye

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of बिडाल
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	बिडालः (biḍālaḥ)	बिडालौ (biḍālau) बिडाला¹ (biḍālā¹)	बिडालाः (biḍālāḥ) बिडालासः¹ (biḍālāsaḥ¹)
accusative	बिडालम् (biḍālam)	बिडालौ (biḍālau) बिडाला¹ (biḍālā¹)	बिडालान् (biḍālān)
instrumental	बिडालेन (biḍālena)	बिडालाभ्याम् (biḍālābhyām)	बिडालैः (biḍālaiḥ) बिडालेभिः¹ (biḍālebhiḥ¹)
dative	बिडालाय (biḍālāya)	बिडालाभ्याम् (biḍālābhyām)	बिडालेभ्यः (biḍālebhyaḥ)
ablative	बिडालात् (biḍālāt)	बिडालाभ्याम् (biḍālābhyām)	बिडालेभ्यः (biḍālebhyaḥ)
genitive	बिडालस्य (biḍālasya)	बिडालयोः (biḍālayoḥ)	बिडालानाम् (biḍālānām)
locative	बिडाले (biḍāle)	बिडालयोः (biḍālayoḥ)	बिडालेषु (biḍāleṣu)
vocative	बिडाल (biḍāla)	बिडालौ (biḍālau) बिडाला¹ (biḍālā¹)	बिडालाः (biḍālāḥ) बिडालासः¹ (biḍālāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

बिडालिका (biḍālikā)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: birạ̃́u
- Kashmiri: برٛور (brōr), بیٛور (byvr)
Pali: biḷāla
Prakrit: 𑀩𑀺𑀟𑀸𑀮 (biḍāla), 𑀩𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀮 (bilāla)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Awadhi: बिलारी (bilārī)
    - Gujarati: બિલાડો (bilāḍo), બિલાડું (bilāḍũ)
    - Hindustani: billā
      - Hindi: बिराड़, बिल्ला
      - Urdu: بِلَاڑ (bilāṛ), بلا
    - Romani: blári, brári
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: বিড়াল (biral)
    - Bengali: বিড়াল (biṛal)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: बिलार (bilār)
      - Maithili: बिलार (bilār)
    - Odia: ବିଡ଼ାଳ (biṛāḷa), ବିଲାଳ (bilāḷa), ବିଲାର (bilāra), ବିରାଲ (birāla), ବିରାଡ଼ି (birāṛi), ବିଲାଇ (bilāi)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: बिराळी (birāḷī)
      - Kumaoni: बिरालू (birālū), बिराली (birālī), बिरलाऊ (birlāū), बिराउ (birāu)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Doteli: बिल्लो (billo)
      - Nepali: बिरालो (birālo)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ބުޅާ (buḷā), ބުޅައު (buḷau), ބެޅަލް (beḷal) — Mulaku, ބެޅައް (beḷak̊) — Addu
    - Sinhalese: බළලා (baḷalā)
- Western:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi: billā
      Gurmukhi script: ਬਿੱਲਾ
      
      Shahmukhi script: بِلَّا
      - Lahnda: بلا (billā)
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi: ḇilo
      Arabic script: ٻِلو
      
      Devanagari script: ॿिलो
→ Malayalam: ബിഡാലം (biḍālaṁ)
→ Telugu: బిడాలము (biḍālamu)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “bíḍālaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 429
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “biḍāla-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 357
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), “biḍālaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 430
^ Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984), “5429”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 492.