पृथु

See also: पथ, पोथा, and पोथी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthú), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥tʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- (“flat”).

Adjective

पृथु • (pŕthu) (indeclinable)

broad, wide

Synonyms

चौड़ा (cauṛā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পৃথু (Assamese script)
ᬧᬺᬣᬸ (Balinese script)
পৃথু (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰴𑰞𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀾𑀣𑀼 (Brahmi script)
ပၖထု (Burmese script)
પૃથુ (Gujarati script)
ਪ੍ਰਥੁ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑍃𑌥𑍁 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦽꦡꦸ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑃂𑂟𑂳 (Kaithi script)
ಪೃಥು (Kannada script)
ប្ឫថុ (Khmer script)
ປ຺ຣິຖຸ (Lao script)
പൃഥു (Malayalam script)
ᢒᡵᡳᡨᡠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘵𑘞𑘳 (Modi script)
ᢒᠷᠢᠲᠤ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧖𑦾𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐺𑐠𑐸 (Newa script)
ପୃଥୁ (Odia script)
ꢦꢺꢢꢸ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆸𑆡𑆶 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖴𑖞𑖲 (Siddham script)
පෘථු (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩙𑩬𑩒 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚚𑚰 (Takri script)
ப்ரிது² (Tamil script)
పృథు (Telugu script)
ปฺฤถุ (Thai script)
པྲྀ་ཐུ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒵𑒟𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨚𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬎 (pər^əθu), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Old Armenian յաղթ (yałtʻ), English flat.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pr̩.tʰú/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pr̩.t̪ʰu/

Adjective

पृ॒थु • (pṛthú) stem

broad, wide, expansive, extensive, spacious, large
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.101.7:
  रु॒द्राणा॑म् एति प्र॒दिशा॑ विचक्ष॒णो रु॒द्रेभि॒र् योषा॑ तनुते पृ॒थु ज्रयः॑ ।
  इन्द्रं॑ मनी॒षा अ॒भ्य् अ॑र्चति श्रु॒तं म॒रुत्व॑न्तं स॒ख्याय॑ हवामहे ॥
  rudrā́ṇām eti pradíśā vicakṣaṇó rudrébhir yóṣā tanute pṛthú jráyaḥ.
  índraṃ manīṣā́ abhy àrcati śrutáṃ marútvantaṃ sakhyā́ya havāmahe.
  He, the far-sighted one, goes as per the guidance of the Rudras. The young lady [Dawn], with the Rudras, extends across the broad expanse.
  The poetic hymn praises the famous Indra — we call upon him, the one accompanied by Maruts to befriend us.
great, important
ample, abundant
copious, numerous, manifold
prolix, detailed

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of पृ॒थु
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पृ॒थुः (pṛthúḥ)	पृ॒थू (pṛthū́)	पृ॒थवः॑ (pṛthávaḥ)
accusative	पृ॒थुम् (pṛthúm)	पृ॒थू (pṛthū́)	पृ॒थून् (pṛthū́n)
instrumental	पृ॒थुना॑ (pṛthúnā) पृ॒थ्वा¹ (pṛthvā́¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभिः॑ (pṛthúbhiḥ)
dative	पृ॒थवे॑ (pṛtháve) पृ॒थ्वे¹ (pṛthvé¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
ablative	पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वः¹ (pṛthváḥ¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
genitive	पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वः¹ (pṛthváḥ¹)	पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थू॒नाम् (pṛthūnā́m)
locative	पृ॒थौ (pṛtháu)	पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थुषु॑ (pṛthúṣu)
vocative	पृथो॑ (pṛ́tho)	पृथू॑ (pṛ́thū)	पृथ॑वः (pṛ́thavaḥ)

¹Vedic

Feminine u-stem declension of पृ॒थु
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पृ॒थुः (pṛthúḥ)	पृ॒थू (pṛthū́)	पृ॒थवः॑ (pṛthávaḥ)
accusative	पृ॒थुम् (pṛthúm)	पृ॒थू (pṛthū́)	पृ॒थूः (pṛthū́ḥ)
instrumental	पृ॒थ्वा (pṛthvā́)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभिः॑ (pṛthúbhiḥ)
dative	पृ॒थवे॑ (pṛtháve) पृ॒थ्वै¹ (pṛthvái¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
ablative	पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वाः¹ (pṛthvā́ḥ¹) पृ॒थ्वै² (pṛthvái²)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
genitive	पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वाः¹ (pṛthvā́ḥ¹) पृ॒थ्वै² (pṛthvái²)	पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थू॒नाम् (pṛthūnā́m)
locative	पृ॒थौ (pṛtháu) पृ॒थ्वाम्¹ (pṛthvā́m¹)	पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थुषु॑ (pṛthúṣu)
vocative	पृथो॑ (pṛ́tho)	पृथू॑ (pṛ́thū)	पृथ॑वः (pṛ́thavaḥ)

¹Later Sanskrit
²Brāhmaṇas

Feminine ī-stem declension of पृ॒थ्वी
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पृ॒थ्वी (pṛthvī́)	पृ॒थ्व्यौ॑ (pṛthvyàu) पृ॒थ्वी¹ (pṛthvī́¹)	पृ॒थ्व्यः॑ (pṛthvyàḥ) पृ॒थ्वीः¹ (pṛthvī́ḥ¹)
accusative	पृ॒थ्वीम् (pṛthvī́m)	पृ॒थ्व्यौ॑ (pṛthvyàu) पृ॒थ्वी¹ (pṛthvī́¹)	पृ॒थ्वीः (pṛthvī́ḥ)
instrumental	पृ॒थ्व्या (pṛthvyā́)	पृ॒थ्वीभ्या॑म् (pṛthvī́bhyām)	पृ॒थ्वीभिः॑ (pṛthvī́bhiḥ)
dative	पृ॒थ्व्यै (pṛthvyái)	पृ॒थ्वीभ्या॑म् (pṛthvī́bhyām)	पृ॒थ्वीभ्यः॑ (pṛthvī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	पृ॒थ्व्याः (pṛthvyā́ḥ) पृ॒थ्व्यै² (pṛthvyái²)	पृ॒थ्वीभ्या॑म् (pṛthvī́bhyām)	पृ॒थ्वीभ्यः॑ (pṛthvī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	पृ॒थ्व्याः (pṛthvyā́ḥ) पृ॒थ्व्यै² (pṛthvyái²)	पृ॒थ्व्योः (pṛthvyóḥ)	पृ॒थ्वीना॑म् (pṛthvī́nām)
locative	पृ॒थ्व्याम् (pṛthvyā́m)	पृ॒थ्व्योः (pṛthvyóḥ)	पृ॒थ्वीषु॑ (pṛthvī́ṣu)
vocative	पृथ्वि॑ (pṛ́thvi)	पृथ्व्यौ॑ (pṛ́thvyau) पृथ्वी॑¹ (pṛ́thvī¹)	पृथ्व्यः॑ (pṛ́thvyaḥ) पृथ्वीः॑¹ (pṛ́thvīḥ¹)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter u-stem declension of पृ॒थु
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पृ॒थु (pṛthú)	पृ॒थुनी॑ (pṛthúnī)	पृ॒थूनि॑ (pṛthū́ni) पृ॒थु¹ (pṛthú¹) पृ॒थू¹ (pṛthū́¹)
accusative	पृ॒थु (pṛthú)	पृ॒थुनी॑ (pṛthúnī)	पृ॒थूनि॑ (pṛthū́ni) पृ॒थु¹ (pṛthú¹) पृ॒थू¹ (pṛthū́¹)
instrumental	पृ॒थुना॑ (pṛthúnā) पृ॒थ्वा¹ (pṛthvā́¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभिः॑ (pṛthúbhiḥ)
dative	पृ॒थुने॑ (pṛthúne) पृ॒थवे॑ (pṛtháve) पृ॒थ्वे¹ (pṛthvé¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
ablative	पृ॒थुनः॑ (pṛthúnaḥ) पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वः¹ (pṛthváḥ¹)	पृ॒थुभ्या॑म् (pṛthúbhyām)	पृ॒थुभ्यः॑ (pṛthúbhyaḥ)
genitive	पृ॒थुनः॑ (pṛthúnaḥ) पृ॒थोः (pṛthóḥ) पृ॒थ्वः¹ (pṛthváḥ¹)	पृ॒थुनोः॑ (pṛthúnoḥ) पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थू॒नाम् (pṛthūnā́m)
locative	पृ॒थुनि॑ (pṛthúni) पृ॒थौ (pṛtháu)	पृ॒थुनोः॑ (pṛthúnoḥ) पृ॒थ्वोः (pṛthvóḥ)	पृ॒थुषु॑ (pṛthúṣu)
vocative	पृथु॑ (pṛ́thu) पृथो॑ (pṛ́tho)	पृथु॑नी (pṛ́thunī)	पृथू॑नि (pṛ́thūni) पृथु॑¹ (pṛ́thu¹) पृथू॑¹ (pṛ́thū¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (piṛik, “palm of hand”)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (peṛek, “palm of hand”)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (piṛik)
Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀳𑀼 (pihu), 𑀧𑀼𑀳𑀼 (puhu)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pr̥thú”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press