परशु
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- পৰশু (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬭᬰᬸ (Balinese script)
- পরশু (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰨𑰫𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑀰𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ပရၐု (Burmese script)
- પરશુ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਰਸ਼ੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌰𑌶𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦫꦯꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂩𑂬𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಪರಶು (Kannada script)
- បរឝុ (Khmer script)
- ປຣຨຸ (Lao script)
- പരശു (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡵᠠᡧᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘨𑘫𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠷᠠᠱᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧈𑧋𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐬𑐱𑐸 (Newa script)
- ପରଶୁ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢬꢯꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆫𑆯𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖨𑖫𑖲 (Siddham script)
- පරශු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩼𑩿𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚤𑚧𑚰 (Takri script)
- பரஶு (Tamil script)
- పరశు (Telugu script)
- ปรศุ (Thai script)
- པ་ར་ཤུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒩𑒬𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨫𑨮𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Cognate with Ossetian фӕрӕт (færæt, “axe”) and Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”),[1][2] and hence apparently reconstructible back to Proto-Indo-European[1][2] as *peleḱús (“axe”), though not derivable from PIE morphology or known roots. The word is often considered a Wanderwort,[1] and the similarity of Akkadian 𒁄 (pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle, harp”) (from Sumerian 𒁄 (balag, “wooden handle; spindle, harp; possibly a split piece of wood or wooden wedge”)) has led some to suggest that the Proto-Indo-European word is a borrowing of the Akkadian word.[3][1][2] Alternatively from another Semitic word, from the root *palaq- (compare Arabic فَلَقَ (falaqa, “to split apart”)). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.ɕú/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.ɕu/
Noun
प॒र॒शु • (paraśú) stem, m [3]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प॒र॒शुः (paraśúḥ) | प॒र॒शू (paraśū́) | प॒र॒शवः॑ (paraśávaḥ) |
| accusative | प॒र॒शुम् (paraśúm) | प॒र॒शू (paraśū́) | प॒र॒शून् (paraśū́n) |
| instrumental | प॒र॒शुना॑ (paraśúnā) प॒र॒श्वा¹ (paraśvā́¹) |
प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām) | प॒र॒शुभिः॑ (paraśúbhiḥ) |
| dative | प॒र॒शवे॑ (paraśáve) प॒र॒श्वे¹ (paraśvé¹) |
प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām) | प॒र॒शुभ्यः॑ (paraśúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प॒र॒शोः (paraśóḥ) प॒र॒श्वः¹ (paraśváḥ¹) |
प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām) | प॒र॒शुभ्यः॑ (paraśúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प॒र॒शोः (paraśóḥ) प॒र॒श्वः¹ (paraśváḥ¹) |
प॒र॒श्वोः (paraśvóḥ) | प॒र॒शू॒नाम् (paraśūnā́m) |
| locative | प॒र॒शौ (paraśáu) | प॒र॒श्वोः (paraśvóḥ) | प॒र॒शुषु॑ (paraśúṣu) |
| vocative | पर॑शो (páraśo) | पर॑शू (páraśū) | पर॑शवः (páraśavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- परशुराम (paraśurāma)
Descendants
- Pali: parasu, pharasu
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀲𑀼 (parasu)
- Prakrit: 𑀨𑀭𑀲𑀼 (pharasu)
- Northern:
- Kumaoni: फर्स (phars)
- Nepali: फर्सा (pharsā)
- Western:
- Gujarati: ફરશી (pharśī)
- Northern:
Borrowed terms
- → Tamil: பரசு (paracu)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 J. P. Mallory, D. Q. Adams, The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European (2006, →ISBN): "We find cognates in Grk pélekus, Oss færæt, and Skt paraśú, and the proto-form is often compared with Semitic forms, e.g. Akkadian pilakku which some translate as 'axe' but others translate as 'spindle', which is semantically very distant."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The linguistic evidence
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “paraśú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 87
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “परशु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 589/2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paraśu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press