नमस्कार
Hindi
Hindi phrasebook
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Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /nə.məs.kɑːɾ/, [nɐ.mɐs.käːɾ]
- (common mispronunciation) (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /nə.məʃ.kɑːɾ/, [nɐ.mɐʃ.käːɾ]
Interjection
नमस्कार • (namaskār) (Urdu spelling نمسکار)
- a salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye
- Synonym: नमस्ते (namaste)
Usage notes
In India, नमस्ते (namaste) and नमस्कार (namaskār) are non-religious greetings, while elsewhere they might be considered Hindu or Indic greetings. Religious greetings include:
- (Hindu) जय श्री राम (jay śrī rām), जय सिया राम (jay siyā rām), जय श्री कृष्ण (jay śrī kŕṣṇa), राम राम (rām rām), राधे राधे (rādhe rādhe), जय जगन्नाथ (jay jagannāth), etc.
- (Jain) जय जिनेंद्र (jay jinendra)
- (Sikh) सत श्री अकाल (sat śrī akāl)
- (Muslim) सलाम अलैकुम (salām alaikum)
which may be used by or when speaking to a person of the mentioned religion, as it is often considered gracious to greet someone in their religion’s greeting.
In modern Hindi urban usage, English hi and hello are also common.
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “नमस्कार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 544
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi नमस्कार (namaskāra), from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nə.məs.kaɾ/
Interjection
नमस्कार • (namaskār)
- a salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye; namaskar
- Synonym: ( less common) नमस्ते (namaste)
Derived terms
- नमस्कार करणे (namaskār karṇe, “to seek blessings”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “नमस्कार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “नमस्कार”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nʌmʌskär]
- Phonetic Devanagari: नमस्कार्
Interjection
नमस्कार • (namaskār)
- (respectful) A salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye
See also
- नमस्ते (namaste)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- নমস্কাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬫᬲ᭄ᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- নমস্কার (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰦𑰭𑰿𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- နမသ္ကာရ (Burmese script)
- નમસ્કાર (Gujarati script)
- ਨਮਸ੍ਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦩꦱ꧀ꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂧𑂮𑂹𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ (Kannada script)
- នមស្ការ (Khmer script)
- ນມສ຺ກາຣ (Lao script)
- നമസ്കാര (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠰᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧆𑧍𑧠𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ନମସ୍କାର (Odia script)
- ꢥꢪꢱ꣄ꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆩𑆱𑇀𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖦𑖭𑖿𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- නමස්කාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩴𑪁 𑪙𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚢𑚨𑚶𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- நமஸ்கார (Tamil script)
- నమస్కార (Telugu script)
- นมสฺการ (Thai script)
- ན་མ་སྐཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒧𑒮𑓂𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨢𑨰𑩇𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From नमस् (námas, “bow, obeisance”) + कार (kāra, “action”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /nɐ.mɐs.kɑː.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪ɐ.mɐs̪.kɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
न॒म॒स्का॒र • (namaskārá) stem, m
- the exclamation of नमस् (námas); adoration, homage, salutation
- नमस्कारः, नमस्काराः (commonly used as interjection) ― namaskāraḥ, namaskārāḥ ― Greetings!
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न॒म॒स्का॒रः (namaskāráḥ) | न॒म॒स्का॒रौ (namaskāráu) न॒म॒स्का॒रा¹ (namaskārā́¹) |
न॒म॒स्का॒राः (namaskārā́ḥ) न॒म॒स्का॒रासः॑¹ (namaskārā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | न॒म॒स्का॒रम् (namaskārám) | न॒म॒स्का॒रौ (namaskāráu) न॒म॒स्का॒रा¹ (namaskārā́¹) |
न॒म॒स्का॒रान् (namaskārā́n) |
| instrumental | न॒म॒स्का॒रेण॑ (namaskāréṇa) | न॒म॒स्का॒राभ्या॑म् (namaskārā́bhyām) | न॒म॒स्का॒रैः (namaskāráiḥ) न॒म॒स्का॒रेभिः॑¹ (namaskārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | न॒म॒स्का॒राय॑ (namaskārā́ya) | न॒म॒स्का॒राभ्या॑म् (namaskārā́bhyām) | न॒म॒स्का॒रेभ्यः॑ (namaskārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न॒म॒स्का॒रात् (namaskārā́t) | न॒म॒स्का॒राभ्या॑म् (namaskārā́bhyām) | न॒म॒स्का॒रेभ्यः॑ (namaskārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न॒म॒स्का॒रस्य॑ (namaskārásya) | न॒म॒स्का॒रयोः॑ (namaskāráyoḥ) | न॒म॒स्का॒राणा॑म् (namaskārā́ṇām) |
| locative | न॒म॒स्का॒रे (namaskāré) | न॒म॒स्का॒रयोः॑ (namaskāráyoḥ) | न॒म॒स्का॒रेषु॑ (namaskāréṣu) |
| vocative | नम॑स्कार (námaskāra) | नम॑स्कारौ (námaskārau) नम॑स्कारा¹ (námaskārā¹) |
नम॑स्काराः (námaskārāḥ) नम॑स्कारासः¹ (námaskārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- सूर्यनमस्कार (sūryanamaskāra)
Descendants
- Pali: namakkāra
- → Thai: นมักการ
- → Bengali: নমস্কার (nomoskar)
- → Hindi: नमस्कार (namaskār)
- → Kannada: ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ (namaskāra)
- → Khmer: នមស្ការ (numskaa)
- → Malayalam: നമസ്കാരം (namaskāraṁ)
- → Old Marathi: नमस्कार (namaskāra)
- Marathi: नमस्कार (namaskār)
- → Sylheti: ꠘꠝꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ (nomośxar)
- → Tamil: நமஸ்காரம் (namaskāram)
- → Telugu: నమస్కారం (namaskāraṁ)
- → Thai: นมัสการ (ná-mát-sà-gaan)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “नमस्कार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 528, column 1.