द्रुह्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দ্ৰুহ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬤ᭄ᬭᬸᬳ᭄ (Balinese script)
- দ্রুহ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰮𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀳𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဒြုဟ် (Burmese script)
- દ્રુહ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਦ੍ਰੁਹ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌹𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦿꦸꦲ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂯𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ದ್ರುಹ್ (Kannada script)
- ទ្រុហ៑ (Khmer script)
- ທ຺ຣຸຫ຺ (Lao script)
- ദ്രുഹ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡵᡠᡥ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘮𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠷᠤᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧎𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐴𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଦ୍ରୁହ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢣ꣄ꢬꢸꢲ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆲𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖲𑖮𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ද්රුහ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑪂 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚩𑚶 (Takri script)
- த்³ருஹ் (Tamil script)
- ద్రుహ్ (Telugu script)
- ทฺรุหฺ (Thai script)
- དྲུ་ཧ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒯𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨱𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dɾúɦ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ɾuɦ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš ~ *dʰrúǰʰás (“deceit, offence”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘 (druj, “lie”).
Noun
द्रुह् • (drúh) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्रुक् (dhrúk) | द्रुहौ॑ (drúhau) द्रुहा॑¹ (drúhā¹) |
द्रुहः॑ (drúhaḥ) |
| accusative | द्रुह॑म् (drúham) | द्रुहौ॑ (drúhau) द्रुहा॑¹ (drúhā¹) |
द्रुहः॑ (drúhaḥ) |
| instrumental | द्रु॒हा (druhā́) | ध्रु॒ग्भ्याम् (dhrugbhyā́m) | ध्रु॒ग्भिः (dhrugbhíḥ) |
| dative | द्रु॒हे (druhé) | ध्रु॒ग्भ्याम् (dhrugbhyā́m) | ध्रु॒ग्भ्यः (dhrugbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | द्रु॒हः (druháḥ) | ध्रु॒ग्भ्याम् (dhrugbhyā́m) | ध्रु॒ग्भ्यः (dhrugbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | द्रु॒हः (druháḥ) | द्रु॒होः (druhóḥ) | द्रु॒हाम् (druhā́m) |
| locative | द्रु॒हि (druhí) | द्रु॒होः (druhóḥ) | ध्रु॒क्षु (dhrukṣú) |
| vocative | ध्रुक् (dhrúk) | द्रुहौ॑ (drúhau) द्रुहा॑¹ (drúhā¹) |
द्रुहः॑ (drúhaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”). Cognate with German trügen.
Root
द्रुह् • (druh)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- द्रुह्य॑ति (drúhyati, present)
- ध्रो॒क्ष्यति॑ (dhrokṣyáti, future)
- द्रो॒ग्धा (drogdhā́, periphrastic future)
- अद्रु॑क्षत् (ádrukṣat, aorist)
- अद्रु॑ग्ध (ádrugdha, aorist)
- अद्रु॑हत् (ádruhat, aorist)
- द्रुह्यात् (druhyāt, benedictive)
- दु॒द्रोह॑ (dudróha, perfect)
Secondary forms
- अद्रो॑हि (ádrohi, passive aorist)
- द्रो॒हय॑ति (droháyati, causative)
- अदु॑द्रुहत् (ádudruhat, causative aorist)
- दुध्रुक्षति (dudhrukṣati, desiderative)
- दोद्रुह्यते (dodruhyate, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- द्रु॒ग्ध (drugdhá, past participle)
- द्रोग्धवै (drogdhavai, infinitive)
- द्रु॒ग्ध्वा (drugdhvā́, gerund)
- द्रुह्य॑ (drúhya, gerund)
- द्रो॒ग्ध॒व्य॑ (drogdhavyà, gerundive)
- दुध्रुक्षु (dudhrukṣu, desiderative participle)
Derived nominal forms
- द्रुह् (drúh)
- द्रु॒हु (druhú)
- द्रु॒ह्यु (druhyú)
- द्रुह्व॑न् (drúhvan)
- द्रोग्धृ (drogdhṛ)
- द्रोघ॑ (drógha)
- द्रोह (droha)
- द्रोहिन् (drohin)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root द्रुह् (0 c, 5 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root द्रुह् (3 c, 0 e)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “द्रुह्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 80
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DROGH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 760