दोस्त

See also: दासता, दोस्ती, दस्ता, and दस्तौ

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́

Proto-Iranian *jawštā́

Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠⁠/)

Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/)

Classical Persian (dōst)bor.

Hindi दोस्त

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪oːst̪/

Noun

दोस्त • (dost) m (Urdu spelling دوست)

friend
Synonyms: मित्र (mitra), (poetic) मीत (mīt), यार (yār)

क्या हाल है दोस्तो? ― kyā hāl hai dosto? ― How's it going, friends?

Declension

Declension of *दोस्त* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	दोस्त dost	दोस्त dost
oblique	दोस्त dost	दोस्तों dostõ
vocative	दोस्त dost	दोस्तो dosto

Related terms

दोस्ती (dostī)

Marathi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́

Proto-Iranian *jawštā́

Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠⁠/)

Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/)

Classical Persian (dōst)bor.

Marathi दोस्त

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪os.t̪ə/

Noun

दोस्त • (dosta) m (uncommon)

friend
Synonym: मित्र (mitra) (standard)

Declension

Declension of दोस्त (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	दोस्त dosta
direct plural	दोस्त dosta
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	दोस्त dosta		दोस्त dosta
oblique सामान्यरूप	दोस्ता dostā		दोस्तां- dostān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	दोस्ताला dostālā		दोस्तांना dostānnā
ergative	दोस्ताने, दोस्तानं dostāne, dostāna		दोस्तांनी dostānnī
instrumental	दोस्ताशी dostāśī		दोस्तांशी dostānśī
locative सप्तमी	दोस्तात dostāt		दोस्तांत dostāt
vocative संबोधन	दोस्ता dostā		दोस्तांनो dostānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of दोस्त (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	दोस्ताचा dostāċā	दोस्ताचे dostāċe	दोस्ताची dostācī	दोस्ताच्या dostācā	दोस्ताचे, दोस्ताचं dostāċe, dostāċa	दोस्ताची dostācī	दोस्ताच्या dostācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	दोस्तांचा dostānċā	दोस्तांचे dostānċe	दोस्तांची dostāñcī	दोस्तांच्या dostāncā	दोस्तांचे, दोस्तांचं dostānċe, dostānċa	दोस्तांची dostāñcī	दोस्तांच्या dostāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “दोस्त”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies