दीर्घ
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”). Doublet of देर (der).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪iːɾɡʱ/
Adjective
दीर्घ • (dīrgh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دیرگھ)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দীৰ্ঘ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬷᬃᬖ (Balinese script)
- দীর্ঘ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰱𑰨𑰿𑰑 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀻𑀭𑁆𑀖 (Brahmi script)
- ဒီရ်္ဃ (Burmese script)
- દીર્ઘ (Gujarati script)
- ਦੀਰ੍ਘ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍀𑌰𑍍𑌘 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦷꦂꦓ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂲𑂩𑂹𑂐 (Kaithi script)
- ದೀರ್ಘ (Kannada script)
- ទីឃ៌ (Khmer script)
- ທີຣ຺ຆ (Lao script)
- ദീര്ഘ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡳᡳᡵᢚᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘑 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠢᠢᠷᠺᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧓𑧈𑧠𑦱 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐷𑐬𑑂𑐑 (Newa script)
- ଦୀର୍ଘ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢷꢬ꣄ꢕ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆵𑆫𑇀𑆔 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖱𑖨𑖿𑖑 (Siddham script)
- දීර්ඝ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩑𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩟 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚯𑚤𑚶𑚍 (Takri script)
- தீ³ர்க⁴ (Tamil script)
- దీర్ఘ (Telugu script)
- ทีรฺฆ (Thai script)
- དཱི་རྒྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒲𑒩𑓂𑒒 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨁𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨎 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *delh₁gʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás
Sanskrit दी॒र्घ
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás (“long”),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós, from *delh₁gʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬀 (darəga, “long”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/), Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós), Latin longus, Old Church Slavonic дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), and possibly English long.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /diːɾ.ɡʱɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪iːɾ.ɡʱɐ/
Adjective
दी॒र्घ • (dīrghá) stem (comparative द्राघीयस्, superlative द्राघिष्ठ)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दी॒र्घः (dīrgháḥ) | दी॒र्घौ (dīrgháu) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
दी॒र्घाः (dīrghā́ḥ) दी॒र्घासः॑¹ (dīrghā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घौ (dīrgháu) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
दी॒र्घान् (dīrghā́n) |
| instrumental | दी॒र्घेण॑ (dīrghéṇa) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घैः (dīrgháiḥ) दी॒र्घेभिः॑¹ (dīrghébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दी॒र्घाय॑ (dīrghā́ya) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दी॒र्घात् (dīrghā́t) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दी॒र्घस्य॑ (dīrghásya) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घाणा॑म् (dīrghā́ṇām) |
| locative | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घेषु॑ (dīrghéṣu) |
| vocative | दीर्घ॑ (dī́rgha) | दीर्घौ॑ (dī́rghau) दीर्घा॑¹ (dī́rghā¹) |
दीर्घाः॑ (dī́rghāḥ) दीर्घा॑सः¹ (dī́rghāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दी॒र्घा (dīrghā́) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाः (dīrghā́ḥ) |
| accusative | दी॒र्घाम् (dīrghā́m) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाः (dīrghā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | दी॒र्घया॑ (dīrgháyā) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घाभिः॑ (dīrghā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | दी॒र्घायै॑ (dīrghā́yai) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घाभ्यः॑ (dīrghā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दी॒र्घायाः॑ (dīrghā́yāḥ) दी॒र्घायै॑² (dīrghā́yai²) |
दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घाभ्यः॑ (dīrghā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दी॒र्घायाः॑ (dīrghā́yāḥ) दी॒र्घायै॑² (dīrghā́yai²) |
दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घाणा॑म् (dīrghā́ṇām) |
| locative | दी॒र्घाया॑म् (dīrghā́yām) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घासु॑ (dīrghā́su) |
| vocative | दीर्घे॑ (dī́rghe) | दीर्घे॑ (dī́rghe) | दीर्घाः॑ (dī́rghāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाणि॑ (dīrghā́ṇi) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
| accusative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाणि॑ (dīrghā́ṇi) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
| instrumental | दी॒र्घेण॑ (dīrghéṇa) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घैः (dīrgháiḥ) दी॒र्घेभिः॑¹ (dīrghébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दी॒र्घाय॑ (dīrghā́ya) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दी॒र्घात् (dīrghā́t) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दी॒र्घस्य॑ (dīrghásya) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घाणा॑म् (dīrghā́ṇām) |
| locative | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घेषु॑ (dīrghéṣu) |
| vocative | दीर्घ॑ (dī́rgha) | दीर्घे॑ (dī́rghe) | दीर्घा॑णि (dī́rghāṇi) दीर्घा॑¹ (dī́rghā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
दी॒र्घ • (dīrghá) stem, m
- (phonology) long vowel
- the 5th or 6th or 7th or 8th sign of the Zodiac
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दी॒र्घः (dīrgháḥ) | दी॒र्घौ (dīrgháu) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
दी॒र्घाः (dīrghā́ḥ) दी॒र्घासः॑¹ (dīrghā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घौ (dīrgháu) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
दी॒र्घान् (dīrghā́n) |
| instrumental | दी॒र्घेण॑ (dīrghéṇa) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घैः (dīrgháiḥ) दी॒र्घेभिः॑¹ (dīrghébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दी॒र्घाय॑ (dīrghā́ya) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दी॒र्घात् (dīrghā́t) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दी॒र्घस्य॑ (dīrghásya) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घाणा॑म् (dīrghā́ṇām) |
| locative | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घेषु॑ (dīrghéṣu) |
| vocative | दीर्घ॑ (dī́rgha) | दीर्घौ॑ (dī́rghau) दीर्घा॑¹ (dī́rghā¹) |
दीर्घाः॑ (dī́rghāḥ) दीर्घा॑सः¹ (dī́rghāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
दी॒र्घ • (dīrghá) stem, n
- name of a sāman
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाणि॑ (dīrghā́ṇi) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
| accusative | दी॒र्घम् (dīrghám) | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घाणि॑ (dīrghā́ṇi) दी॒र्घा¹ (dīrghā́¹) |
| instrumental | दी॒र्घेण॑ (dīrghéṇa) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घैः (dīrgháiḥ) दी॒र्घेभिः॑¹ (dīrghébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दी॒र्घाय॑ (dīrghā́ya) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दी॒र्घात् (dīrghā́t) | दी॒र्घाभ्या॑म् (dīrghā́bhyām) | दी॒र्घेभ्यः॑ (dīrghébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दी॒र्घस्य॑ (dīrghásya) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घाणा॑म् (dīrghā́ṇām) |
| locative | दी॒र्घे (dīrghé) | दी॒र्घयोः॑ (dīrgháyoḥ) | दी॒र्घेषु॑ (dīrghéṣu) |
| vocative | दीर्घ॑ (dī́rgha) | दीर्घे॑ (dī́rghe) | दीर्घा॑णि (dī́rghāṇi) दीर्घा॑¹ (dī́rghā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Chilisso: [script needed] (žiṅgo)
- Dameli: [script needed] (drīga)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (līgāla)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (žiga)
- Kalami: [script needed] (līg)
- Kalasha: driga
- Khowar: درونگ (drung)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (drīi), [script needed] (ligolo)
- Palula: [script needed] (dhrigo)
- Savi: [script needed] (drigōu)
- Shina: [script needed] (ẓigu) ('dangu' in Drasi)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (ligalo)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (legā)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (derega)
- Torwali: حؕىگ (ḍẓīk)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (lig), [script needed] (likh)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: दिघो (digho)
- Kholosi: taɽgo
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)
- Konkani: दीग (dīg)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਡੂੰਘਾ (ḍūṅghā, “deep”)
- Sindhi: ड्रिघो (ḍrigho)
- Pali: dīgha
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: दीह (dīh) (poetic)
- Romani: dingo
- Hindustani:
Borrowed terms
- Bengali: দীর্ঘ (dirgho)
- Gujarati: દીર્ઘ (dīrgh)
- Hindi: दीर्घ (dīrgh)
- Kannada: ದೀರ್ಘ (dīrgha)
- Marathi: दीर्घ (dīrgha)
- Odia: ଦୀର୍ଘ (dirgha)
- Punjabi: ਦੀਰਘ (dīragh)
- Tamil: தீர்க்கம் (tīrkkam)
- Telugu: దీర్ఘము (dīrghamu)
- Urdu: دیرگھ (dīrgh)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “dīrghá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 728
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “दीर्घ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 481, column 3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dīrghá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 364