तनक्ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

তনক্তি (Assamese script)
ᬢᬦᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
তনক্তি (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰡𑰎𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑀦𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
တနက္တိ (Burmese script)
તનક્તિ (Gujarati script)
ਤਨਕ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑌨𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦤꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂢𑂍𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ತನಕ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
តនក្តិ (Khmer script)
ຕນກ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
തനക്തി (Malayalam script)
ᢠᠠᠨᠠᡬᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘡𑘎𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢐᠠᠨᠠᢉᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧁𑦮𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑐣𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ତନକ୍ତି (Odia script)
ꢡꢥꢒ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑆤𑆑𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖡𑖎𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
තනක‍්ති (Sinhalese script)
𑩫𑩯𑩜 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚝𑚊𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
தநக்தி (Tamil script)
తనక్తి (Telugu script)
ตนกฺติ (Thai script)
ཏ་ན་ཀྟི (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑒢𑒏𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑨝𑨋𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Disputed. According to Rix, the term may derive from Proto-Indo-European *tṃ-né-k-ti, a nasal-infix present to the root *temk-. This formation may be paralleled in Old Irish contéici.^[1]^[2] It is possible that a nasal-infixed form of the same root may be present in Hittite [script needed] (tamenkzi), though Kloekhorst instead provides the separate pre-form *tṃ-én-k-ti for the Hittite term.^[3] Beekes rejects the connection with the Hittite term, arguing that a pre-form *tṃ-n-ek- should produce a verb *tamnakti.^[4] Kroonen reconstructs a root *tenk- and postulates a nasal-infix present *tn-n-ek- as the source for this Sanskrit term.^[5]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ.nɐ́k.ti/, [tɐ.nɐ́k̚.ti]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐ.n̪ɐk.t̪i/, [t̪ɐ.n̪ɐk̚.t̪i]

Verb

त॒नक्ति॑ • (tanákti) third-singular indicative (class 7, type P, present, root तञ्च्)

to contract

Conjugation

Present: त॒नक्ति॑ (tanákti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	त॒नक्ति॑ tanákti	त॒ङ्क्तः taṅktáḥ	त॒ञ्चन्ति॑ tañcánti	- -	- -	- -
Second	त॒नक्षि॑ tanákṣi	त॒ङ्क्थः taṅktháḥ	त॒ङ्क्थ taṅkthá	- -	- -	- -
First	त॒नच्मि॑ tanácmi	त॒ञ्च्वः tañcváḥ	त॒ञ्च्मः / त॒ञ्च्मसि॑¹ tañcmáḥ / tañcmási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	त॒नक्तु॑ tanáktu	त॒ङ्क्ताम् taṅktā́m	त॒ञ्चन्तु॑ tañcántu	- -	- -	- -
Second	त॒ङ्ग्धि taṅgdhí	त॒ङ्क्तम् taṅktám	त॒ङ्क्त taṅktá	- -	- -	- -
First	त॒नचा॑नि tanácāni	त॒नचा॑व tanácāva	त॒नचा॑म tanácāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	त॒ञ्च्यात् tañcyā́t	त॒ञ्च्याता॑म् tañcyā́tām	त॒ञ्च्युः tañcyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	त॒ञ्च्याः tañcyā́ḥ	त॒ञ्च्यात॑म् tañcyā́tam	त॒ञ्च्यात॑ tañcyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	त॒ञ्च्याम् tañcyā́m	त॒ञ्च्याव॑ tañcyā́va	त॒ञ्च्याम॑ tañcyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	त॒नच॑त् / त॒नच॑ति tanácat / tanácati	त॒नच॑तः tanácataḥ	त॒नच॑न् tanácan	- -	- -	- -
Second	त॒नचः॑ / त॒नच॑सि tanácaḥ / tanácasi	त॒नच॑थः tanácathaḥ	त॒नच॑थ tanácatha	- -	- -	- -
First	त॒नचा॑नि / त॒नचा॑ tanácāni / tanácā	त॒नचा॑व tanácāva	त॒नचा॑म tanácāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	त॒ञ्चत् tañcát			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अत॑नक् (átanak)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अत॑नक् átanak	अत॑ङ्क्ताम् átaṅktām	अत॑ञ्चन् átañcan	- -	- -	- -
Second	अत॑नक् átanak	अत॑ङ्क्तम् átaṅktam	अत॑ङ्क्त átaṅkta	- -	- -	- -
First	अत॑नचम् átanacam	अत॑ञ्च्व átañcva	अत॑ञ्च्म átañcma	- -	- -	- -

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*temk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 625
^ Schumacher, Stefan (1995), “Old Irish Tucaid, Tocad and Middle Welsh Tynghaf Tynghet Re-Examined”, in Ériu‎^[1], volume 46, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved 9 September 2023, pages 49–57
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 824-825
^ R.S.P. Beekes (1974), “Another proterodynamic verb in Hittite”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎^[2], volume 88, number 2, →ISSN, page 182
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þinhtu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*temk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 625

[Schumacher_1995-2] Schumacher, Stefan (1995), “Old Irish Tucaid, Tocad and Middle Welsh Tynghaf Tynghet Re-Examined”, in Ériu‎^[1], volume 46, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved 9 September 2023, pages 49–57

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 824-825

[4] R.S.P. Beekes (1974), “Another proterodynamic verb in Hittite”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎^[2], volume 88, number 2, →ISSN, page 182

[Kroonen-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þinhtu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543

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