जफ़ा

Hindi

Alternative forms

जफा (japhā) — nuqtaless

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (jafā), from Arabic جَفَاء (jafāʔ), verbal noun of جَفَا (jafā, “be crude”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒə.fɑː/, [d͡ʒɐ.fäː], /d͡ʒə.pʰɑː/, [d͡ʒɐ.pʰäː]

Noun

जफ़ा • (jafā) f (Urdu spelling جَفا)

oppression, cruelty, iniquity
- Brij Narayan Chakbast:
  उन्हें ये फ़िक्र है हर दम नई तर्ज़-ए-जफ़ा क्या है,
  हमें ये शौक़ है देखें सितम की इंतहा क्या है।
  unhẽ ye fikra hai har dam naī tarz-e-jafā kyā hai,
  hamẽ ye śauq hai dekhẽ sitam kī inthā kyā hai.
  Their worry is at every moment in devising a new mode of oppression,
  It is our pleasure in seeing what may be the limit of this tyranny.

Declension

Declension of *जफ़ा* (fem ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	जफ़ा jafā	जफ़ाएँ jafāẽ
oblique	जफ़ा jafā	जफ़ाओं jafāõ
vocative	जफ़ा jafā	जफ़ाओ jafāo

Related terms

जफ़ा-कफ़ा (jafā-kafā)
जफ़ा-कश (jafā-kaś)
जफ़ा-कशी (jafā-kaśī)
जफ़ा-कार (jafā-kār)
जफ़ा-कारी (jafā-kārī)
जफ़ा-केश (jafā-keś)
जफ़ा-गर (jafā-gar)
जफ़ा-गार (jafā-gār)
जफ़ा-जू (jafā-jū)
जफ़ा-पेशा (jafā-peśā)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “jafa”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “japha”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Platts, John T. (1884), “jafa”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.