चोरयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

চোৰয়তি (Assamese script)
ᬘᭀᬭᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
চোরয়তি (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰺𑰨𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑁄𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
စောရယတိ (Burmese script)
ચોરયતિ (Gujarati script)
ਚੋਰਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑍋𑌰𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂷𑂩𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಚೋರಯತಿ (Kannada script)
ចោរយតិ (Khmer script)
ໂຈຣຍຕິ (Lao script)
ചോരയതി (Malayalam script)
ᢜᠣᡵᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘻𑘨𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢋᠣᠸᠠᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑧜𑧈𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑑀𑐬𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଚୋରଯତି (Odia script)
ꢗꣂꢬꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆾𑆫𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖺𑖨𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
චොරයති (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩕𑩼𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚴𑚤𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
சோரயதி (Tamil script)
చోరయతి (Telugu script)
โจรยติ (Thai script)
ཙོ་ར་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒼𑒩𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨆𑨫𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

चोर (cora, “thief”) +‎ -यति (-yati)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐw.ɾɐ.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕoː.ɾɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

चोरयति • (corayati) third-singular indicative (class 10, type P, present, root चुर्)

to steal, rob, pilfer
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 13.96.14:
  तमाहुरार्ता ऋषयो महर्षिं । न ते वयं पुष्करं चोरयामः ।
  tamāhurārtā ṛṣayo maharṣiṃ. na te vayaṃ puṣkaraṃ corayāmaḥ.
  The rishis, disturbed, said to the great sage: "We did not steal your lotus flower."
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 8.333:
  यस्त्वेतान्युपकॢप्तानि द्रव्याणि स्तेनयेन्नरः ।
  तमाद्यं दण्डयेद्राजा यश्चाग्निं चोरयेद् गृहात् ॥
  yastvetānyupakḷptāni dravyāṇi stenayennaraḥ.
  tamādyaṃ daṇḍayedrājā yaścāgniṃ corayed gṛhāt.
  To the man who would steal these products,
  Let the king dispense the first (degree) of punishment; the same to the one who would steal a fire from a house.

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: चो॒रयि॑तुम् (coráyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	चो॒रयि॑तुम् coráyitum
Gerund	चो॒र॒यि॒त्वा corayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	चो॒र॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / चो॒र॒नीय॑ corayitavyà / coranī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	चो॒र॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / चो॒र॒नीया॑ corayitavyā̀ / coranī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	चो॒रि॒त coritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	चो॒रि॒ता coritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	चो॒रि॒तव॑त् coritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	चो॒रि॒तव॑ती coritávatī

Present: चो॒रय॑ति (coráyati), चो॒रय॑ते (coráyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चो॒रय॑ति coráyati	चो॒रय॑तः coráyataḥ	चो॒रय॑न्ति coráyanti	चो॒रय॑ते coráyate	चो॒रये॑ते coráyete	चो॒रय॑न्ते coráyante
Second	चो॒रय॑सि coráyasi	चो॒रय॑थः coráyathaḥ	चो॒रय॑थ coráyatha	चो॒रय॑से coráyase	चो॒रये॑थे coráyethe	चो॒रय॑ध्वे coráyadhve
First	चो॒रया॑मि coráyāmi	चो॒रया॑वः coráyāvaḥ	चो॒रया॑मः / चो॒रया॑मसि¹ coráyāmaḥ / coráyāmasi¹	चो॒रये॑ coráye	चो॒रया॑वहे coráyāvahe	चो॒रया॑महे coráyāmahe
Imperative
Third	चो॒रय॑तु coráyatu	चो॒रय॑ताम् coráyatām	चो॒रय॑न्तु coráyantu	चो॒रय॑ताम् coráyatām	चो॒रये॑ताम् coráyetām	चो॒रय॑न्ताम् coráyantām
Second	चो॒रय॑ coráya	चो॒रय॑तम् coráyatam	चो॒रय॑त coráyata	चो॒रय॑स्व coráyasva	चो॒रये॑थाम् coráyethām	चो॒रय॑ध्वम् coráyadhvam
First	चो॒रया॑णि coráyāṇi	चो॒रया॑व coráyāva	चो॒रया॑म coráyāma	चो॒रयै॑ coráyai	चो॒रया॑वहै coráyāvahai	चो॒रया॑महै coráyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	चो॒रये॑त् coráyet	चो॒रये॑ताम् coráyetām	चो॒रये॑युः coráyeyuḥ	चो॒रये॑त coráyeta	चो॒रये॑याताम् coráyeyātām	चो॒रये॑रन् coráyeran
Second	चो॒रयेः॑ coráyeḥ	चो॒रये॑तम् coráyetam	चो॒रये॑त coráyeta	चो॒रये॑थाः coráyethāḥ	चो॒रये॑याथाम् coráyeyāthām	चो॒रये॑ध्वम् coráyedhvam
First	चो॒रये॑यम् coráyeyam	चो॒रये॑व coráyeva	चो॒रये॑म coráyema	चो॒रये॑य coráyeya	चो॒रये॑वहि coráyevahi	चो॒रये॑महि coráyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	चो॒रया॑त् / चो॒रया॑ति coráyāt / coráyāti	चो॒रया॑तः coráyātaḥ	चो॒रया॑न् coráyān	चो॒रया॑ते / चो॒रया॑तै coráyāte / coráyātai	चो॒रयै॑ते coráyaite	चो॒रय॑न्त / चो॒रया॑न्तै coráyanta / coráyāntai
Second	चो॒रयाः॑ / चो॒रया॑सि coráyāḥ / coráyāsi	चो॒रया॑थः coráyāthaḥ	चो॒रया॑थ coráyātha	चो॒रया॑से / चो॒रया॑सै coráyāse / coráyāsai	चो॒रयै॑थे coráyaithe	चो॒रया॑ध्वै coráyādhvai
First	चो॒रया॑णि coráyāṇi	चो॒रया॑व coráyāva	चो॒रया॑म coráyāma	चो॒रयै॑ coráyai	चो॒रया॑वहै coráyāvahai	चो॒रया॑महै coráyāmahai
Participles
	चो॒रय॑त् coráyat			चो॒रय॑माण / चोरयाण² coráyamāṇa / corayāṇa²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अचो॑रयत् (ácorayat), अचो॑रयत (ácorayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अचो॑रयत् ácorayat	अचो॑रयताम् ácorayatām	अचो॑रयन् ácorayan	अचो॑रयत ácorayata	अचो॑रयेताम् ácorayetām	अचो॑रयन्त ácorayanta
Second	अचो॑रयः ácorayaḥ	अचो॑रयतम् ácorayatam	अचो॑रयत ácorayata	अचो॑रयथाः ácorayathāḥ	अचो॑रयेथाम् ácorayethām	अचो॑रयध्वम् ácorayadhvam
First	अचो॑रयम् ácorayam	अचो॑रयाव ácorayāva	अचो॑रयाम ácorayāma	अचो॑रये ácoraye	अचो॑रयावहि ácorayāvahi	अचो॑रयामहि ácorayāmahi

Future: चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (corayiṣyáti), चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (corayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ corayiṣyáti	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ corayiṣyátaḥ	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ corayiṣyánti	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ corayiṣyáte	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्येते॑ corayiṣyéte	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ corayiṣyánte
Second	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ corayiṣyási	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ corayiṣyáthaḥ	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ corayiṣyátha	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ corayiṣyáse	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ corayiṣyéthe	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ corayiṣyádhve
First	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ corayiṣyā́mi	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ corayiṣyā́vaḥ	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / चो॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ corayiṣyā́maḥ / corayiṣyā́masi¹	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्ये corayiṣyé	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे corayiṣyā́vahe	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे corayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यत् corayiṣyát			चो॒र॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण corayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अचो॑रयिष्यत् (ácorayiṣyat), अचो॑रयिष्यत (ácorayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अचो॑रयिष्यत् ácorayiṣyat	अचो॑रयिष्यताम् ácorayiṣyatām	अचो॑रयिष्यन् ácorayiṣyan	अचो॑रयिष्यत ácorayiṣyata	अचो॑रयिष्येताम् ácorayiṣyetām	अचो॑रयिष्यन्त ácorayiṣyanta
Second	अचो॑रयिष्यः ácorayiṣyaḥ	अचो॑रयिष्यतम् ácorayiṣyatam	अचो॑रयिष्यत ácorayiṣyata	अचो॑रयिष्यथाः ácorayiṣyathāḥ	अचो॑रयिष्येथाम् ácorayiṣyethām	अचो॑रयिष्यध्वम् ácorayiṣyadhvam
First	अचो॑रयिष्यम् ácorayiṣyam	अचो॑रयिष्याव ácorayiṣyāva	अचो॑रयिष्याम ácorayiṣyāma	अचो॑रयिष्ये ácorayiṣye	अचो॑रयिष्यावहि ácorayiṣyāvahi	अचो॑रयिष्यामहि ácorayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: चो॒र्यात् (coryā́t) or चो॒र्याः (coryā́ḥ), चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (corayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	चो॒र्यात् / चो॒र्याः¹ coryā́t / coryā́ḥ¹	चो॒र्यास्ता॑म् coryā́stām	चो॒र्यासुः॑ coryā́suḥ	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट corayiṣīṣṭá	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² corayiṣīyā́stām²	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒रन् corayiṣīrán
Second	चो॒र्याः coryā́ḥ	चो॒र्यास्त॑म् coryā́stam	चो॒र्यास्त॑ coryā́sta	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः corayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² corayiṣīyā́sthām²	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् corayiṣīḍhvám
First	चो॒र्यास॑म् coryā́sam	चो॒र्यास्व॑ coryā́sva	चो॒र्यास्म॑ coryā́sma	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒य corayiṣīyá	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ corayiṣīváhi	चो॒र॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ corayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: चो॒र॒यामास॑ (corayā́mā́sa) or चो॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ (corayā́ṃcakā́ra), चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रे (corayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चो॒र॒यामास॑ / चो॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ corayā́mā́sa / corayā́ṃcakā́ra	चो॒र॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ corayā́māsátuḥ / corayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	चो॒र॒यामा॒सुः / चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रुः corayā́māsúḥ / corayā́ṃcakrúḥ	चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रे corayā́ṃcakré	चो॒र॒यांच॒क्राते॑ corayā́ṃcakrā́te	चो॒र॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे corayā́ṃcakriré
Second	चो॒र॒यामासि॑थ / चो॒र॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ corayā́mā́sitha / corayā́ṃcakártha	चो॒र॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ corayā́māsáthuḥ / corayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	चो॒र॒यामा॒स / चो॒र॒यांच॒क्र corayā́māsá / corayā́ṃcakrá	चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒षे corayā́ṃcakṛṣé	चो॒र॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ corayā́ṃcakrā́the	चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे corayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	चो॒र॒यामास॑ / चो॒र॒यांच॒कर॑ corayā́mā́sa / corayā́ṃcakára	चो॒र॒यामा॑सि॒व / चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒व corayā́māsivá / corayā́ṃcakṛvá	चो॒र॒यामा॑सि॒म / चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒म corayā́māsimá / corayā́ṃcakṛmá	चो॒र॒यांच॒क्रे corayā́ṃcakré	चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ corayā́ṃcakṛváhe	चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ corayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	चो॒र॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / चो॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् corayā́māsivā́ṃs / corayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			चो॒र॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण corayā́ṃcakrāṇá

Descendants

Pali: cōrēti
Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀭𑀺𑀅 (coria)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Bengali: চোরা (cōra), চোরান (cōran)
  - Odia: ଚୋରେଇବା (corēibā)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa:
  - Gujarati: ચોરવું (corvũ)
- Khasa Prakrit:
  - Nepali: चोर्नु (cornu), चोराउनु (corāunu)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
  - Konkani: चोर्चे (tsorce)
  - Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘻𑘨𑘜𑘹 (coraṇe)
    - Marathi: चोरणे (ċorṇe)
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani: cornā
      Hindi: चोरना
      
      Urdu: چورْنا
    - Romani: ćorel
      - → Czech: čórovat, čórnout
      - → French: chourer
      - → Romanian: ciordi