घोटक

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ঘোটক (Assamese script)
ᬖᭀᬝᬓ (Balinese script)
ঘোটক (Bengali script)
𑰑𑰺𑰘𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀖𑁄𑀝𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ဃောဋက (Burmese script)
ઘોટક (Gujarati script)
ਘੋਟਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌘𑍋𑌟𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦓꦺꦴꦛꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂐𑂷𑂗𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಘೋಟಕ (Kannada script)
ឃោដក (Khmer script)
ໂຆຏກ (Lao script)
ഘോടക (Malayalam script)
ᢚᠣᢞᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘑𑘻𑘘𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠺᠾᠣᠸᠠᢌᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦱𑧜𑦸𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐑𑑀𑐚𑐎 (Newa script)
ଘୋଟକ (Odia script)
ꢕꣂꢜꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆔𑆾𑆛𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖑𑖺𑖘𑖎 (Siddham script)
ඝොටක (Sinhalese script)
𑩟𑩕𑩦𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚍𑚴𑚔𑚊 (Takri script)
கே⁴ாடக (Tamil script)
ఘోటక (Telugu script)
โฆฏก (Thai script)
གྷོ་ཊ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒒𑒼𑒙𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨎𑨆𑨔𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Dravidian *kut

Proto-Dravidian *i

Proto-Dravidian *kuti

Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ayder.?

Sanskrit घोटक

A foreign borrowing, from a substrate; compare Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay (“horse”), whence Tamil குதிரை (kutirai). However, due to the traditional lack of presence and utility of horses in South and Southeast Asia, ultimate origins from Dravidian and Munda are doubtful, and alternative, more western or northern sources of the borrowing have been considered.

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡʱoː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

Noun

घोटक • (ghoṭaka) stem, m (feminine घोटकी or घोटिका)

horse

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घोटक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	घोटकः (ghoṭakaḥ)	घोटकौ (ghoṭakau)	घोटकाः (ghoṭakāḥ)
accusative	घोटकम् (ghoṭakam)	घोटकौ (ghoṭakau)	घोटकान् (ghoṭakān)
instrumental	घोटकेन (ghoṭakena)	घोटकाभ्याम् (ghoṭakābhyām)	घोटकैः (ghoṭakaiḥ)
dative	घोटकाय (ghoṭakāya)	घोटकाभ्याम् (ghoṭakābhyām)	घोटकेभ्यः (ghoṭakebhyaḥ)
ablative	घोटकात् (ghoṭakāt)	घोटकाभ्याम् (ghoṭakābhyām)	घोटकेभ्यः (ghoṭakebhyaḥ)
genitive	घोटकस्य (ghoṭakasya)	घोटकयोः (ghoṭakayoḥ)	घोटकानाम् (ghoṭakānām)
locative	घोटके (ghoṭake)	घोटकयोः (ghoṭakayoḥ)	घोटकेषु (ghoṭakeṣu)
vocative	घोटक (ghoṭaka)	घोटकौ (ghoṭakau)	घोटकाः (ghoṭakāḥ)

Descendants

Inherited

Dardic:
- Shinaic:
  - Proto-Dangari: *ghooṛo
    - Kalkoti: gòór
    - Palula:
      Ashreti: ghúuṛu
      Biori: ghúuṛu
    - Savi: guṛoo
Pali: ghoṭaka
Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀬 (ghoḍaya), 𑀖𑁄𑀠𑀕 (ghoḍhaga)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Eastern Hindi:
    - Fiji Hindi: ghorra
  - Western Hindi:
    - Central Indo-Aryan:
      - Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
      - Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
      - Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
    - Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
    - Rohingya: gúra
    - Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
  - Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
  - Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
  - Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
    - Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gojri: گھوڑو (ghoṛo)
  - Old Gujarati:
    - Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
    - Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
  - Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
  - Romani: khuro

Borrowed

→ Old Javanese: kuda
- > Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
- >? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “घोटक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0379/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 517
F. C., Southworth (2003), Proto-Dravidian Agriculture‎^[2], University of Pennsylvania.