घन

Borrowed from Sanskrit घन (ghana).

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱən/, [ɡʱɐ̃n]

घन • (ghan) m

1. (geometry) cube
3. (mathematics) cube (mathematical operation)

   घन करना ― ghan karnā ― to cube

   घन मीटर ― ghan mīṭar ― cubic meter

4. hammer

घन • (ghan) (indeclinable)

1. synonym of घना (ghanā, “dense, thick”)

• घनमूल (ghanmūl, “cube root”)

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “घन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1383
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “घन”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 186
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “घन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 284
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “घन”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 168.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐ.nɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐ.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰón-o-s, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φόνος (phónos, “murder, slaughter”) and Old English bana (“murderer”).

घ॒न • (ghaná) stem, m

1. a killer, striker, destroyer
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.49.1:

     शंसा॑ म॒हामिन्द्रं॒ यस्मि॒न्विश्वा॒ आ कृ॒ष्टयः॑ सोम॒पाः काम॒मव्य॑न्।
     यं सु॒क्रतुं॑ धि॒षणे॑ विभ्वत॒ष्टं घ॒नं वृ॒त्राणां॑ ज॒नय॑न्त दे॒वाः॥

     śáṃsā mahā́míndraṃ yásminvíśvā ā́ kṛṣṭáyaḥ somapā́ḥ kā́mamávyan.
     yáṃ sukrátuṃ dhiṣáṇe vibhvataṣṭáṃ ghanáṃ vṛtrā́ṇāṃ janáyanta devā́ḥ.

     I glorify the mighty Indra, in whom all men, drinking the Soma, obtain their wishes; whom the powerful (heaven and earth) and the gods begot, the doer of great deeds, the slayer of the Vṛtras, who was fashioned by Vibhu (the creator).

2. slaying
3. an iron club or a mace; a weapon shaped like a hammer

• Pali: ghana
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)
  • Central:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Awadhi: घन (ghan)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: ghan
        • Hindi: घन
        • Urdu: گھَن (ghan)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bihari: घन (ghan)
        • Maithili: घन (ghan)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Kumaoni: घण (ghaṇ)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: घन (ghan)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: घण (ghaṇ)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: ghaṇ

          Gurmukhi script: ਘਣ

          Shahmukhi script: كھَݨ

  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)
      • Marathi: घण (ghaṇ), घणा (ghaṇā)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gujarati: ઘણ (ghaṇ)

Unknown, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”). If so, then cognate with Lithuanian ganėti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”), German ganz (“entire, whole”).

घ॒न • (ghaná) stem (comparative घनीयस्, superlative घनिष्ठ)

1. compact, dense, solid, hard
2. viscid, thick

घ॒न • (ghaná) stem, m

1. any compact mass or substance

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ghana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 238