गन्ध
See also: गन्धि
Hindi
Noun
गन्ध • (gandh) f
- alternative spelling of गंध (gandh)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | गन्ध gandh |
गन्धें gandhẽ |
| oblique | गन्ध gandh |
गन्धों gandhõ |
| vocative | गन्ध gandh |
गन्धो gandho |
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
गन्ध m
- Devanagari script form of gandha (“smell”)
Declension
Declension table of "गन्ध" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गन्धो (gandho) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
| Accusative (second) | गन्धं (gandhaṃ) | गन्धे (gandhe) |
| Instrumental (third) | गन्धेन (gandhena) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) or गन्धाय (gandhāya) or गन्धत्थं (gandhatthaṃ) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गन्धस्मा (gandhasmā) or गन्धम्हा (gandhamhā) or गन्धा (gandhā) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गन्धस्मिं (gandhasmiṃ) or गन्धम्हि (gandhamhi) or गन्धे (gandhe) | गन्धेसु (gandhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गन्ध (gandha) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গন্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- গন্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰡𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ဂန္ဓ (Burmese script)
- ગન્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਨ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌨𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦤ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂢𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಗನ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- គន្ធ (Khmer script)
- ຄນ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ഗന്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᠨᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘡𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᠨᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧁𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଗନ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢥ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆤𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖡𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- ගන්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩯 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚝𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- க³ந்த⁴ (Tamil script)
- గన్ధ (Telugu script)
- คนฺธ (Thai script)
- ག་ནྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒢𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨝𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ-
Sanskrit ग॒न्ध
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate.[1] Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”).[2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaiṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaiṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɐn.dʱɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ/
Noun
ग॒न्ध • (gandhá) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ग॒न्धः (gandháḥ) | ग॒न्धौ (gandháu) ग॒न्धा¹ (gandhā́¹) |
ग॒न्धाः (gandhā́ḥ) ग॒न्धासः॑¹ (gandhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ग॒न्धम् (gandhám) | ग॒न्धौ (gandháu) ग॒न्धा¹ (gandhā́¹) |
ग॒न्धान् (gandhā́n) |
| instrumental | ग॒न्धेन॑ (gandhéna) | ग॒न्धाभ्या॑म् (gandhā́bhyām) | ग॒न्धैः (gandháiḥ) ग॒न्धेभिः॑¹ (gandhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ग॒न्धाय॑ (gandhā́ya) | ग॒न्धाभ्या॑म् (gandhā́bhyām) | ग॒न्धेभ्यः॑ (gandhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ग॒न्धात् (gandhā́t) | ग॒न्धाभ्या॑म् (gandhā́bhyām) | ग॒न्धेभ्यः॑ (gandhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ग॒न्धस्य॑ (gandhásya) | ग॒न्धयोः॑ (gandháyoḥ) | ग॒न्धाना॑म् (gandhā́nām) |
| locative | ग॒न्धे (gandhé) | ग॒न्धयोः॑ (gandháyoḥ) | ग॒न्धेषु॑ (gandhéṣu) |
| vocative | गन्ध॑ (gándha) | गन्धौ॑ (gándhau) गन्धा॑¹ (gándhā¹) |
गन्धाः॑ (gándhāḥ) गन्धा॑सः¹ (gándhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
- Pali: gandha
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥 (gaṃdha), 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀬 (gaṃdhaya)
- Central:
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: गंधाना (gandhānā)
- Urdu: گَن٘دھانا (gandhānā)
- Hindustani:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Bhadrawahi: गन् (gan)
- Nepali: गनाउनु (ganāunu)
- Northwestern:
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਧ (gandh)
- Shahmukhi script: گَن٘دھ (gaṉdh)
- Punjabi:
- Southern:
- Konkani:
- Devanagari script: गांद (gā̃nda)
- Latin script: gand
- Konkani:
- Western:
- Central:
- → Indonesian: ganda
- → Lü: ᦅᧃᦒᦱ (kanthaa)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kannada: ಗಂಧ (gandha)
- → Malayalam: കെന്തുക (kentuka)
- → Marathi: गंध (gandha), गंधा (gandhā)
- → Odia: ଗନ୍ଧ (gandha)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਧ (gandh)
- Shahmukhi script: گَن٘دھ (gaṉdh)
- → Tamil: கந்தம் (kantam)
- → Telugu: గంధము (gandhamu)
- → Tagalog: ganda
- → Thai: คันธะ (kan-tá)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gant”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103f
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “gandhá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 461
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “गन्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 345, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gandhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 215