गण्ड

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

गल्ल (galla)

Alternative scripts

গণ্ড (Assamese script)
ᬕᬡ᭄ᬟ (Balinese script)
গণ্ড (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰜𑰿𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀟 (Brahmi script)
ဂဏ္ဍ (Burmese script)
ગણ્ડ (Gujarati script)
ਗਣ੍ਡ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑌣𑍍𑌡 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦟ꧀ꦝ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑂝𑂹𑂙 (Kaithi script)
ಗಣ್ಡ (Kannada script)
គណ្ឌ (Khmer script)
ຄຓ຺ຑ (Lao script)
ഗണ്ഡ (Malayalam script)
ᡤᠠᢏᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘜𑘿𑘚 (Modi script)
ᠺᠠᢏᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑦼𑧠𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐞𑑂𑐜 (Newa script)
ଗଣ୍ଡ (Odia script)
ꢔꢠ꣄ꢞ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆟𑇀𑆝 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖜𑖿𑖚 (Siddham script)
ගණ‍්ඩ (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩪 𑪙𑩨 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚘𑚶𑚖 (Takri script)
க³ண்ட³ (Tamil script)
గణ్డ (Telugu script)
คณฺฑ (Thai script)
ག་ཎྜ (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒝𑓂𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨘𑩇𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Kannada ಗಂಟು (gaṇṭu, “joint of reed”), Telugu గంట (gaṇṭa, “a knot”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/
Hyphenation: गण्‧ड

Noun

ग॒ण्ड • (gaṇḍá) stem, m

the cheek, the whole side of the face including the temple
a side
a bubble, boil, pimple
a goiter or any other excrescence of the neck
a joint, bone
the bladder
a mark, spot

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ग॒ण्ड
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ग॒ण्डः (gaṇḍáḥ)	ग॒ण्डौ (gaṇḍáu) ग॒ण्डा¹ (gaṇḍā́¹)	ग॒ण्डाः (gaṇḍā́ḥ) ग॒ण्डासः॑¹ (gaṇḍā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ग॒ण्डम् (gaṇḍám)	ग॒ण्डौ (gaṇḍáu) ग॒ण्डा¹ (gaṇḍā́¹)	ग॒ण्डान् (gaṇḍā́n)
instrumental	ग॒ण्डेन॑ (gaṇḍéna)	ग॒ण्डाभ्या॑म् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	ग॒ण्डैः (gaṇḍáiḥ) ग॒ण्डेभिः॑¹ (gaṇḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	ग॒ण्डाय॑ (gaṇḍā́ya)	ग॒ण्डाभ्या॑म् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	ग॒ण्डेभ्यः॑ (gaṇḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	ग॒ण्डात् (gaṇḍā́t)	ग॒ण्डाभ्या॑म् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	ग॒ण्डेभ्यः॑ (gaṇḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	ग॒ण्डस्य॑ (gaṇḍásya)	ग॒ण्डयोः॑ (gaṇḍáyoḥ)	ग॒ण्डाना॑म् (gaṇḍā́nām)
locative	ग॒ण्डे (gaṇḍé)	ग॒ण्डयोः॑ (gaṇḍáyoḥ)	ग॒ण्डेषु॑ (gaṇḍéṣu)
vocative	गण्ड॑ (gáṇḍa)	गण्डौ॑ (gáṇḍau) गण्डा॑¹ (gáṇḍā¹)	गण्डाः॑ (gáṇḍāḥ) गण्डा॑सः¹ (gáṇḍāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: gaṇḍa
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀀𑀟 (gam̐ḍa)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: ગાંડ (gā̃ḍ), ગાંડુ (gā̃ḍu)
    - Hindustani: gā̃ṛ, gā̃ṛū, gānḍ
      - Hindi: गाँड़, गाँड़ू, गांड
      - Urdu: گَاںڑ, گَاںڑُو, گَانڈ
    - Romani: gāro
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: গাঁৰ (gãr)
    - Bengali: গাঁড় (gãṛ), গাঁড়ি (gãṛi)
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: गाँड़ि (gā̃ṛɨ)
    - Odia: ଗାଏଁଡ଼ (gāẽṛa)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: गान (gān), गाण (gāṇ), गाणि (gāṇi)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: गाँण (gā̃ṇ), गाँडि (gā̃ḍi), गाँडु (gā̃ḍu)
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: गण्ड (gaṇḍ), गान (gān)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ގަނޑު (gaⁿḍu)
    - Sinhalese: ගඩුව (gaḍuwa)
- Western:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi: gann, gannī, gāṇḍ
      Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਨ, ਗੰਨੀ, ਗੰਡ
      
      Shahmukhi script: گَنْڈ, گَنّ, گَنِّی
      - Lahnda: گنہہ (gannh)
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi: g̠ani, g̠anri, gā̃ḍi
      Arabic script: ڳَنِ (g̠ani), ڳَنرِ (g̠ãri), گَنڊِ (gãḍi)
      
      Devanagari script: ॻनि, ॻन्रि, गाँडि
      - Kachchi: ગંઢો (gaṇḍho)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/
Hyphenation: गण्‧ड

Noun

गण्ड • (gaṇḍa) stem, m

rhinoceros

Derived terms

Sanskrit: गण्डक (gaṇḍaka)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: gö̃ḍ
  Arabic script: گٔنڈ
  
  Devanagari script: गऺँड
Central:
- Hindustani: gaĩṛā
  - Hindi: गैँड़ा
  - Urdu: گَیںڑَا (ga͠iṛā)
    - → Dhivehi: ގެންޑާ (gen̊ḍā)
Eastern:
- Early Assamese: গণ্ড (goṇḍo)
  - Assamese: গঁড় (gõr)
- Kamta: গেঁড়া (gẽra)
Northern:
- Nepali: गैँडो (ga͠iḍo)
Northwestern:
- Punjabi: gaĩḍā|, gaĩḍī
  Gurmukhi script: ਗੈਂਡਾ, ਗੈਂਡੀ
  
  Shahmukhi script: گَیںڈَا, گَیںڈِی
- Sindhi: geṇḍo
  Arabic script: گيڻڊو (geṇḍo)
  
  Devanagari script: गेंडो
Eastern:
- Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄚𑄳𑄘 (gandā), 𑄉𑄧𑄚𑄴𑄘 (gandā)
Southern:
- Marathi: गेंडा (geṇḍā)
Western:
- Gujarati: ગેંડો (geṇḍo)
→ Portuguese: ganda

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gaṇḍá¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213

^ F. C., Southworth (2011), Rice in Dravidian‎^[1], University of Pennsylvania.

[1] F. C., Southworth (2011), Rice in Dravidian‎^[1], University of Pennsylvania.

[1]