खलति

Sanskrit

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂életi

Proto-Indo-Iranian *skHálati

Proto-Indo-Aryan *skHálati

Sanskrit स्खलति (skhalati)

Sanskrit खलति

From स्खलति (skhalati, “to stumble”),^[1] from Proto-Indo-Aryan *skHálati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skHálati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂életi, from *(s)gʷʰh₂el-. Only attested lexicographically; see खल्लते (khallate) (root खल्ल् (khall)) for an attested variant.

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ.l̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

खलति • (khalati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, present, root खल्)^[2]^[3]^[4]

(transitive) to shake

Conjugation

Present: खलति (khalati), खलते (khalate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	खलति khalati	खलतः khalataḥ	खलन्ति khalanti	खलते khalate	खलेते khalete	खलन्ते khalante
Second	खलसि khalasi	खलथः khalathaḥ	खलथ khalatha	खलसे khalase	खलेथे khalethe	खलध्वे khaladhve
First	खलामि khalāmi	खलावः khalāvaḥ	खलामः khalāmaḥ	खले khale	खलावहे khalāvahe	खलामहे khalāmahe
Imperative
Third	खलतु khalatu	खलताम् khalatām	खलन्तु khalantu	खलताम् khalatām	खलेताम् khaletām	खलन्ताम् khalantām
Second	खल khala	खलतम् khalatam	खलत khalata	खलस्व khalasva	खलेथाम् khalethām	खलध्वम् khaladhvam
First	खलानि khalāni	खलाव khalāva	खलाम khalāma	खलै khalai	खलावहै khalāvahai	खलामहै khalāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	खलेत् khalet	खलेताम् khaletām	खलेयुः khaleyuḥ	खलेत khaleta	खलेयाताम् khaleyātām	खलेरन् khaleran
Second	खलेः khaleḥ	खलेतम् khaletam	खलेत khaleta	खलेथाः khalethāḥ	खलेयाथाम् khaleyāthām	खलेध्वम् khaledhvam
First	खलेयम् khaleyam	खलेव khaleva	खलेम khalema	खलेय khaleya	खलेवहि khalevahi	खलेमहि khalemahi
Participles
	खलत् khalat			खलमान khalamāna

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: [script needed] (khalan, “stirring”)
- Palula: khalíi / کھلی (“to stir”)
Prakrit: ⇒ 𑀔𑀮𑀪𑀮𑀺𑀬 (khalabhaliya)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: खलबल (khalbal, “disturbance”), ⇒ खलबली (khalablī, “agitated”)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-

Proto-Indo-European *kolH-

Sanskrit ख॒ल॒ति

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kolH-,^[5] from *kl̥H- (“bald”). Compare the related term कु॒ल्व (kulvá, “bald”) (cognate to Latin calvus). Mayrhofer suggests the aspiration is due to laryngeal metathesis.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ.lɐ.tí/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ.l̪ɐ.t̪i/

Adjective

ख॒ल॒ति • (khalatí) stem^[6]

bald

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of ख॒ल॒ति
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ख॒ल॒तिः (khalatíḥ)	ख॒ल॒ती (khalatī́)	ख॒ल॒तयः॑ (khalatáyaḥ)
accusative	ख॒ल॒तिम् (khalatím)	ख॒ल॒ती (khalatī́)	ख॒ल॒तीन् (khalatī́n)
instrumental	ख॒ल॒तिना॑ (khalatínā) ख॒ल॒त्या¹ (khalatyā́¹)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभिः॑ (khalatíbhiḥ)
dative	ख॒ल॒तये॑ (khalatáye)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
ablative	ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ) ख॒ल॒त्यः¹ (khalatyáḥ¹)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
genitive	ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ) ख॒ल॒त्यः¹ (khalatyáḥ¹)	ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒ती॒नाम् (khalatīnā́m)
locative	ख॒ल॒तौ (khalatáu) ख॒ल॒ता¹ (khalatā́¹)	ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒तिषु॑ (khalatíṣu)
vocative	खल॑ते (khálate)	खल॑ती (khálatī)	खल॑तयः (khálatayaḥ)

¹Vedic

Feminine i-stem declension of ख॒ल॒ति
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ख॒ल॒तिः (khalatíḥ)	ख॒ल॒ती (khalatī́)	ख॒ल॒तयः॑ (khalatáyaḥ)
accusative	ख॒ल॒तिम् (khalatím)	ख॒ल॒ती (khalatī́)	ख॒ल॒तीः (khalatī́ḥ)
instrumental	ख॒ल॒त्या (khalatyā́) ख॒ल॒ती¹ (khalatī́¹)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभिः॑ (khalatíbhiḥ)
dative	ख॒ल॒तये॑ (khalatáye) ख॒ल॒त्यै² (khalatyái²) ख॒ल॒ती¹ (khalatī́¹)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
ablative	ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ) ख॒ल॒त्याः² (khalatyā́ḥ²) ख॒ल॒त्यै³ (khalatyái³)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
genitive	ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ) ख॒ल॒त्याः² (khalatyā́ḥ²) ख॒ल॒त्यै³ (khalatyái³)	ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒ती॒नाम् (khalatīnā́m)
locative	ख॒ल॒तौ (khalatáu) ख॒ल॒त्याम्² (khalatyā́m²) ख॒ल॒ता¹ (khalatā́¹)	ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒तिषु॑ (khalatíṣu)
vocative	खल॑ते (khálate)	खल॑ती (khálatī)	खल॑तयः (khálatayaḥ)

¹Vedic
²Later Sanskrit
³Brāhmaṇas

Neuter i-stem declension of ख॒ल॒ति
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ख॒ल॒ति (khalatí)	ख॒ल॒तिनी॑ (khalatínī)	ख॒ल॒तीनि॑ (khalatī́ni) ख॒ल॒ति¹ (khalatí¹) ख॒ल॒ती¹ (khalatī́¹)
accusative	ख॒ल॒ति (khalatí)	ख॒ल॒तिनी॑ (khalatínī)	ख॒ल॒तीनि॑ (khalatī́ni) ख॒ल॒ति¹ (khalatí¹) ख॒ल॒ती¹ (khalatī́¹)
instrumental	ख॒ल॒तिना॑ (khalatínā) ख॒ल॒त्या¹ (khalatyā́¹)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभिः॑ (khalatíbhiḥ)
dative	ख॒ल॒तिने॑ (khalatíne) ख॒ल॒तये॑ (khalatáye)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
ablative	ख॒ल॒तिनः॑ (khalatínaḥ) ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्या॑म् (khalatíbhyām)	ख॒ल॒तिभ्यः॑ (khalatíbhyaḥ)
genitive	ख॒ल॒तिनः॑ (khalatínaḥ) ख॒ल॒तेः (khalatéḥ)	ख॒ल॒तिनोः॑ (khalatínoḥ) ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒ती॒नाम् (khalatīnā́m)
locative	ख॒ल॒तिनि॑ (khalatíni) ख॒ल॒तौ (khalatáu) ख॒ल॒ता¹ (khalatā́¹)	ख॒ल॒तिनोः॑ (khalatínoḥ) ख॒ल॒त्योः (khalatyóḥ)	ख॒ल॒तिषु॑ (khalatíṣu)
vocative	खल॑ति (khálati) खल॑ते (khálate)	खल॑तिनी (khálatinī)	खल॑तीनि (khálatīni) खल॑ति¹ (khálati¹) खल॑ती¹ (khálatī¹)

¹Vedic

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “KHALL”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 142
^ Monier Williams (1899), “खल्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 338.
^ पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.626
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “khálati¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 202
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “khalatí-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 450
^ Monier Williams (1899), “खलति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 338.

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “KHALL”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 142

[2] Monier Williams (1899), “खल्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 338.

[3] पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.626

[4] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “khálati¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 202

[5] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “khalatí-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 450

[6] Monier Williams (1899), “खलति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 338.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]