क्षेत्र

See also: क्षत्र

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)lbor.

Hindi क्षेत्र

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra). Doublet of खेत (khet).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /kʂeːt̪.ɾᵊ/, [kʃeːt̪.ɾᵊ]

Noun

क्षेत्र • (kṣetra) m (Urdu spelling کشيتر)

field, area of study
गणित का कौन्सा क्षेत्र तुम्हे सबसे पसंद आता है?
gaṇit kā kaunsā kṣetra tumhe sabse pasand ātā hai?
Which field of mathematics do you like the most?
region, area, zone
Synonyms: इलाक़ा (ilāqā), हलक़ा (halqā), ज़ोन (zon), अंचल (añcal)

यह क्षेत्र उस राज्य के अंतर्गत है।
yah kṣetra us rājya ke antargat hai.
This region is included in that state.

पश्चिमी क्षेत्र ― paścimī kṣetra ― western zone
field, land, enclosed plot of ground
Synonyms: खेत (khet), ज़मीन (zamīn)
(physics) field
वैद्युत क्षेत्र ― vaidyut kṣetra ― electric field

Declension

Declension of *क्षेत्र* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्र kṣetra
oblique	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्रों kṣetrõ
vocative	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्रो kṣetro

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “क्षेत्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “क्षेत्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)lbor.

Marathi क्षेत्र

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra). Doublet of शेत (śet).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʂet̪.ɾə/

Noun

क्षेत्र • (kṣetra) n^[1]^[2]^[3]

field, tract, region; area of land.
हे क्षेत्र शेतीसाठी उपयुक्त आहे.
he kṣetra śetīsāṭhī upyukta āhe.
This area is suitable for agriculture.
sphere, domain; field of activity or study.
कायदा हे त्याचे अभ्यासाचे मुख्य क्षेत्र आहे.
kāydā he tyāce abhyāsāce mukhya kṣetra āhe.
Law is the primary field of his study.
(physics) field
वैद्युत क्षेत्र ― vaidyut kṣetra ― electric field
(law, administration) jurisdiction; area of authority or operation.
Synonym: अखत्यारी (akhatyārī)
(Hinduism) sacred place, holy site, pilgrimage centre.

Declension

Declension of क्षेत्र (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	क्षेत्र kṣetra
direct plural	क्षेत्रे, क्षेत्रं kṣetre, kṣetra
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्रे, क्षेत्रं kṣetre, kṣetra
oblique सामान्यरूप	क्षेत्रा kṣetrā	क्षेत्रां- kṣetrān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	क्षेत्राला kṣetrālā	क्षेत्रांना kṣetrānnā
ergative	क्षेत्राने, क्षेत्रानं kṣetrāne, kṣetrāna	क्षेत्रांनी kṣetrānnī
instrumental	क्षेत्राशी kṣetrāśī	क्षेत्रांशी kṣetrānśī
locative सप्तमी	क्षेत्रात kṣetrāt	क्षेत्रांत kṣetrāt
vocative संबोधन	क्षेत्रा kṣetrā	क्षेत्रांनो kṣetrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of क्षेत्र (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	क्षेत्राचा kṣetrāċā	क्षेत्राचे kṣetrāċe	क्षेत्राची kṣetrācī	क्षेत्राच्या kṣetrācā	क्षेत्राचे, क्षेत्राचं kṣetrāċe, kṣetrāċa	क्षेत्राची kṣetrācī	क्षेत्राच्या kṣetrācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	क्षेत्रांचा kṣetrānċā	क्षेत्रांचे kṣetrānċe	क्षेत्रांची kṣetrāñcī	क्षेत्रांच्या kṣetrāncā	क्षेत्रांचे, क्षेत्रांचं kṣetrānċe, kṣetrānċa	क्षेत्रांची kṣetrāñcī	क्षेत्रांच्या kṣetrāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

कार्यक्षेत्र (kāryakṣetra)
क्षेत्रकार्य (kṣetrakārya)
क्षेत्रज्ञ (kṣetrajña)
क्षेत्रफळ (kṣetraphaḷ)
क्षेत्ररक्षण (kṣetrarakṣaṇ)

References

^ Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “क्षेत्र”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
^ दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “क्षेत्र”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
^ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “क्षेत्र”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)bor.

Nepali क्षेत्र

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡sʰet̪rʌ]
Phonetic Devanagari: छेत्र

Noun

क्षेत्र • (kṣetra)

field, area, region, zone

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ক্ষেত্ৰ (Assamese script)
ᬓ᭄ᬱᬾᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
ক্ষেত্র (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰸𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
က္ၑေတြ (Burmese script)
ક્ષેત્ર (Gujarati script)
ਕ੍ਸ਼ੇਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍇𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦏ꧀ꦰꦺꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂵𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (Kannada script)
ក្ឞេត្រ (Khmer script)
ກ຺ເຩຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
ക്ഷേത്ര (Malayalam script)
ᡬᢢᡝᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘹𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢉᢔᠧᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧚𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐾𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (Odia script)
ꢒ꣄ꢰꢾꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆼𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖸𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
ක්‍ෂෙත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩔𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚶𑚲𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
க்ஷேத்ர (Tamil script)
క్షేత్ర (Telugu script)
กฺเษตฺร (Thai script)
ཀྵེ་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒹𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨄𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom. By surface analysis, क्षि (kṣi) +‎ -त्र (-tra). Cognate with Avestan 𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (šōiθra), English home.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂɐ́jt.ɾɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kʂeːt̪.ɾɐ/

Noun

क्षेत्र॑ • (kṣétra) stem, n (root क्षि)

land, soil, ground
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
field, cultivated area
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
area, domain place, region, country
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of क्षेत्र॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	क्षेत्र॑म् (kṣétram)	क्षेत्रे॑ (kṣétre)	क्षेत्रा॑णि (kṣétrāṇi) क्षेत्रा॑¹ (kṣétrā¹)
accusative	क्षेत्र॑म् (kṣétram)	क्षेत्रे॑ (kṣétre)	क्षेत्रा॑णि (kṣétrāṇi) क्षेत्रा॑¹ (kṣétrā¹)
instrumental	क्षेत्रे॑ण (kṣétreṇa)	क्षेत्रा॑भ्याम् (kṣétrābhyām)	क्षेत्रैः॑ (kṣétraiḥ) क्षेत्रे॑भिः¹ (kṣétrebhiḥ¹)
dative	क्षेत्रा॑य (kṣétrāya)	क्षेत्रा॑भ्याम् (kṣétrābhyām)	क्षेत्रे॑भ्यः (kṣétrebhyaḥ)
ablative	क्षेत्रा॑त् (kṣétrāt)	क्षेत्रा॑भ्याम् (kṣétrābhyām)	क्षेत्रे॑भ्यः (kṣétrebhyaḥ)
genitive	क्षेत्र॑स्य (kṣétrasya)	क्षेत्र॑योः (kṣétrayoḥ)	क्षेत्रा॑णाम् (kṣétrāṇām)
locative	क्षेत्रे॑ (kṣétre)	क्षेत्र॑योः (kṣétrayoḥ)	क्षेत्रे॑षु (kṣétreṣu)
vocative	क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)	क्षेत्रे॑ (kṣétre)	क्षेत्रा॑णि (kṣétrāṇi) क्षेत्रा॑¹ (kṣétrā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

कुरुक्षेत्र (kurukṣetrá)

Descendants

Dardic:
- → Kalasha: č̣hetr
- → Khowar: ݯھیتُر (c̣hétur)
Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪 (kṣetra)
Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (khĕtta), 𑀙𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (chĕtta) (see there for further descendants)
Pali: khetta
- → Khmer: ខេត្ត (khaet)
- → Lao: ເຂດ (khēt)
- → Thai: เขต (kèet)
- → Tocharian B: keta (learned)

Borrowed terms

→ Middle Chinese: 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la)
- → Mandarin: 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)
- → Middle Korean: 刹 (뎔, dyeol), 刹 (졀, jyeol)
  - → Japanese: 寺 (てら, tera)
  - → Korean: 찰 (chal), 절 (jeol)
  - → Vietnamese: 剎 (sát)
→ Assamese: ক্ষেত্ৰ (khetro)
→ Bengali: ক্ষেত্র (khetro)
→ English: kshetra
→ Hindi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
→ Marathi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
→ Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (kṣētra)
→ Khmer: ក្សេត្រ (kseet)
→ Lao: ກະເສດ (ka sēt)
→ Nepali: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
→ Odia: କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (kṣetra), କ୍ଷେତ (kṣeta)
→ Old Javanese: kṣetra, setra
- > Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠꦿ (sétra) (inherited)
  - → Indonesian: setra (“field”)
- → Balinese: sétra
  - → Indonesian: setra (“graveyard, cemetery”)
→ Tamil: கேத்திரம் (kēttiram), சேத்து (cēttu), சேத்திரம் (cēttiram), க்ஷேத்திரம் (kṣēttiram)
→ Telugu: క్షేత్రము (kṣētramu), క్షేత్రం (kṣētraṁ)
→ Thai: เกษตร (gà-sèet)

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Nepali

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading