कासते

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কাসতে (Assamese script)
ᬓᬵᬲᬢᬾ (Balinese script)
কাসতে (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰯𑰭𑰝𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
ကာသတေ (Burmese script)
કાસતે (Gujarati script)
ਕਾਸਤੇ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌾𑌸𑌤𑍇 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦴꦱꦠꦺ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂰𑂮𑂞𑂵 (Kaithi script)
ಕಾಸತೇ (Kannada script)
កាសតេ (Khmer script)
ກາສເຕ (Lao script)
കാസതേ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠᢠᡝ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘝𑘹 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᢗᠰᠠᢐᠧ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧑𑧍𑦽𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐟𑐾 (Newa script)
କାସତେ (Odia script)
ꢒꢵꢱꢡꢾ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆳𑆱𑆠𑆼 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖯𑖭𑖝𑖸 (Siddham script)
කාසතෙ (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩛𑪁𑩫𑩔 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚭𑚨𑚙𑚲 (Takri script)
காஸதே (Tamil script)
కాసతే (Telugu script)
กาสเต (Thai script)
ཀཱ་ས་ཏེ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒰𑒮𑒞𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨊𑨰𑨙𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHsatay, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɑ́ː.sɐ.tɐj/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɑː.s̪ɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

कास॑ते • (kā́sate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, root कास्)

to cough

Conjugation

Present: कास॑ते (kā́sate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कास॑ते kā́sate	कासे॑ते kā́sete	कास॑न्ते kā́sante
Second	- -	- -	- -	कास॑से kā́sase	कासे॑थे kā́sethe	कास॑ध्वे kā́sadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	कासे॑ kā́se	कासा॑वहे kā́sāvahe	कासा॑महे kā́sāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कास॑ताम् kā́satām	कासे॑ताम् kā́setām	कास॑न्ताम् kā́santām
Second	- -	- -	- -	कास॑स्व kā́sasva	कासे॑थाम् kā́sethām	कास॑ध्वम् kā́sadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासै॑ kā́sai	कासा॑वहै kā́sāvahai	कासा॑महै kā́sāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासे॑त kā́seta	कासे॑याताम् kā́seyātām	कासे॑रन् kā́seran
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासे॑थाः kā́sethāḥ	कासे॑याथाम् kā́seyāthām	कासे॑ध्वम् kā́sedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासे॑य kā́seya	कासे॑वहि kā́sevahi	कासे॑महि kā́semahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासा॑ते / कासा॑तै kā́sāte / kā́sātai	कासै॑ते kā́saite	कास॑न्त / कासा॑न्तै kā́santa / kā́sāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासा॑से / कासा॑सै kā́sāse / kā́sāsai	कासै॑थे kā́saithe	कासा॑ध्वै kā́sādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	कासै॑ kā́sai	कासा॑वहै kā́sāvahai	कासा॑महै kā́sāmahai
Participles
	- -			कास॑मान kā́samāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अका॑सत (ákāsata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अका॑सत ákāsata	अका॑सेताम् ákāsetām	अका॑सन्त ákāsanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अका॑सथाः ákāsathāḥ	अका॑सेथाम् ákāsethām	अका॑सध्वम् ákāsadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अका॑से ákāse	अका॑सावहि ákāsāvahi	अका॑सामहि ákāsāmahi

Descendants

Dardic:
- Palula:
  Perso-Arabic: کُھوسی
  
  Latin: khuusíi
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀇 (kāsaï)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কাহা (kaha)
    - Bengali: কাশা (kaśa)
    - Odia: କାଶିବା (kāśibā)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކެއްސަނީ (kessanī)
    - Sinhalese: කහිනවා (kahinawā)
  - ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀲-𑀮-𑀇 (*kāsa-la-i)
    - Old Marathi: kāsaḷaṇē (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮- (-la-))
      Devanagari script: कासळणे
      
      Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘯𑘜𑘹
Prakrit: 𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀇 (khāsaï) (with onomatopoeic 𑀔 (kha))
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani: khā̃snā
      - Hindi: खाँसना
      - Urdu: کھان٘سْنا (khā̃snā)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gurjara Apabhramsa:
      - Gujarati: ખાંસવું (khā̃svũ)
      - Marwari: खांसणौ (khānsṇau)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kāˊsatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 160