उष्ण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit उ॒ष्ण (uṣṇá).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʊʂ.ɳᵊ/, [ʊʃ.ɳᵊ]

Adjective

उष्ण • (uṣṇa) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اشن)

(formal) hot, warm
उष्ण जलवायु में बहुत सारे पेड़ जीते हैं।
uṣṇa jalvāyu mẽ bahut sāre peṛ jīte ha͠i.
Many trees live in this warm climate.

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “उष्ण”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

উষ্ণ (Assamese script)
ᬉᬱ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
উষ্ণ (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰬𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀱𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
ဥၑ္ဏ (Burmese script)
ઉષ્ણ (Gujarati script)
ਉਸ਼੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌷𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦰ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂭𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ಉಷ್ಣ (Kannada script)
ឧឞ្ណ (Khmer script)
ອຸຩ຺ຓ (Lao script)
ഉഷ്ണ (Malayalam script)
ᡠᢢᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘬𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
ᠤᢔᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑧌𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐲𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
ଉଷ୍ଣ (Odia script)
ꢆꢰ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆰𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖬𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
උෂ‍්ණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
உஷ்ண (Tamil script)
ఉష్ణ (Telugu script)
อุษฺณ (Thai script)
ཨུ་ཥྞ (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒭𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁us-nós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušnás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *Huṣṇás

Sanskrit उष्ण

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Huṣṇás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁us-nós, from *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Cognate with Latin ūrō. The Sanskrit root is उष् (uṣ, “to burn, consume”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /uʂ.ɳɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /uʂ.ɳɐ/

Adjective

उ॒ष्ण • (uṣṇá) stem

warm, hot

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उ॒ष्णः (uṣṇáḥ)	उ॒ष्णौ (uṣṇáu) उ॒ष्णा¹ (uṣṇā́¹)	उ॒ष्णाः (uṣṇā́ḥ) उ॒ष्णासः॑¹ (uṣṇā́saḥ¹)
accusative	उ॒ष्णम् (uṣṇám)	उ॒ष्णौ (uṣṇáu) उ॒ष्णा¹ (uṣṇā́¹)	उ॒ष्णान् (uṣṇā́n)
instrumental	उ॒ष्णेन॑ (uṣṇéna)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णैः (uṣṇáiḥ) उ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (uṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	उ॒ष्णाय॑ (uṣṇā́ya)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (uṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	उ॒ष्णात् (uṣṇā́t)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (uṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	उ॒ष्णस्य॑ (uṣṇásya)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णाना॑म् (uṣṇā́nām)
locative	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णेषु॑ (uṣṇéṣu)
vocative	उष्ण॑ (úṣṇa)	उष्णौ॑ (úṣṇau) उष्णा॑¹ (úṣṇā¹)	उष्णाः॑ (úṣṇāḥ) उष्णा॑सः¹ (úṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of उ॒ष्णा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उ॒ष्णा (uṣṇā́)	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णाः (uṣṇā́ḥ)
accusative	उ॒ष्णाम् (uṣṇā́m)	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णाः (uṣṇā́ḥ)
instrumental	उ॒ष्णया॑ (uṣṇáyā) उ॒ष्णा¹ (uṣṇā́¹)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णाभिः॑ (uṣṇā́bhiḥ)
dative	उ॒ष्णायै॑ (uṣṇā́yai)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णाभ्यः॑ (uṣṇā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	उ॒ष्णायाः॑ (uṣṇā́yāḥ) उ॒ष्णायै॑² (uṣṇā́yai²)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णाभ्यः॑ (uṣṇā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	उ॒ष्णायाः॑ (uṣṇā́yāḥ) उ॒ष्णायै॑² (uṣṇā́yai²)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णाना॑म् (uṣṇā́nām)
locative	उ॒ष्णाया॑म् (uṣṇā́yām)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णासु॑ (uṣṇā́su)
vocative	उष्णे॑ (úṣṇe)	उष्णे॑ (úṣṇe)	उष्णाः॑ (úṣṇāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of उ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उ॒ष्णम् (uṣṇám)	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णानि॑ (uṣṇā́ni) उ॒ष्णा¹ (uṣṇā́¹)
accusative	उ॒ष्णम् (uṣṇám)	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णानि॑ (uṣṇā́ni) उ॒ष्णा¹ (uṣṇā́¹)
instrumental	उ॒ष्णेन॑ (uṣṇéna)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णैः (uṣṇáiḥ) उ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (uṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	उ॒ष्णाय॑ (uṣṇā́ya)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (uṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	उ॒ष्णात् (uṣṇā́t)	उ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (uṣṇā́bhyām)	उ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (uṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	उ॒ष्णस्य॑ (uṣṇásya)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णाना॑म् (uṣṇā́nām)
locative	उ॒ष्णे (uṣṇé)	उ॒ष्णयोः॑ (uṣṇáyoḥ)	उ॒ष्णेषु॑ (uṣṇéṣu)
vocative	उष्ण॑ (úṣṇa)	उष्णे॑ (úṣṇe)	उष्णा॑नि (úṣṇāni) उष्णा॑¹ (úṣṇā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: oṣ
- Kashmiri:
  Arabic script: وُشُن (wuśun)
  
  Devanagari script: वुशुन (wuśun)
Pali: uṇha
Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳 (uṇha), 𑀉𑀲𑀺𑀡 (usiṇa)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳 (uṇha)
    - Hindustani: unāh
      - Hindi: उनाह
      - Urdu: اُنَاہ (unāh)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ހޫނު (hūnu), ހުޱު (huṇu)
    - Sinhalese: උණු (uṇu)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳 (uṇha)
    - Konkani: हून (hūn)
    - Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘡𑘿𑘮 (unha), 𑘄𑘡 (una)
      - Marathi: ऊन (ūn)
    - Konkani: hūna
      Devanagari script: हून
      
      Latin script: hun
      
      Kannada script: ಹೂನ್
    - Marathi: ऊन्ह (ūnha), ऊन (ūn)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳 (uṇha)
    - Gujarati: ઊનું (ūnũ), હુનું (hunũ)

Borrowed terms

→ Assamese: উষ্ণ (usno)
→ Bengali: উষ্ণ (uśno)
→ Hindi: उष्ण (uṣṇa)
→ Marathi: उष्ण (uṣṇa)
→ Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘬𑘿𑘜 (uṣṇa)
→ Odia: ଉଷ୍ମ (uṣma), ଉଷ୍ଣ (uṣṇa)
→ Tamil: உண்ணம் (uṇṇam), உஷ்ணம் (uṣṇam), உட்டணம் (uṭṭaṇam)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wósH-r̥ ~ *usH-én-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ušnás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *uṣṇás

Sanskrit उष्ण

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *uṣṇás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ušnás, from Proto-Indo-European *wósH-r̥ ~ *usH-én- (“garlic, onion”). However, the word has been alternately taken as a borrowing.^[2] Cognate with Latin ūniō, Hittite 𒉿𒀸𒄯 (wašḫar, “onion ~ garlic”), Pashto اوږه (uǵa, “garlic”). Compare also English onion, a Latin borrowing.

Noun

उष्ण • (uṣṇa) stem, m

onion
Synonyms: सुकन्द (sukanda), दीपन (dīpana)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उष्णः (uṣṇaḥ)	उष्णौ (uṣṇau) उष्णा¹ (uṣṇā¹)	उष्णाः (uṣṇāḥ) उष्णासः¹ (uṣṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	उष्णम् (uṣṇam)	उष्णौ (uṣṇau) उष्णा¹ (uṣṇā¹)	उष्णान् (uṣṇān)
instrumental	उष्णेन (uṣṇena)	उष्णाभ्याम् (uṣṇābhyām)	उष्णैः (uṣṇaiḥ) उष्णेभिः¹ (uṣṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	उष्णाय (uṣṇāya)	उष्णाभ्याम् (uṣṇābhyām)	उष्णेभ्यः (uṣṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	उष्णात् (uṣṇāt)	उष्णाभ्याम् (uṣṇābhyām)	उष्णेभ्यः (uṣṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	उष्णस्य (uṣṇasya)	उष्णयोः (uṣṇayoḥ)	उष्णानाम् (uṣṇānām)
locative	उष्णे (uṣṇe)	उष्णयोः (uṣṇayoḥ)	उष्णेषु (uṣṇeṣu)
vocative	उष्ण (uṣṇa)	उष्णौ (uṣṇau) उष्णा¹ (uṣṇā¹)	उष्णाः (uṣṇāḥ) उष्णासः¹ (uṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Khowar: وریݱنُو (wreẓnú, “garlic”), وظنو (wǝẓnū)
→ Odia: ଉଷ୍ଣ (uṣṇa) (learned)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “uṣṇá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 238
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “uṣṇa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 37

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

References

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Further reading