उल्का
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”), which is probably related to Sanskrit वर्चस्- (várcas-, “luster”), from a root Proto-Indo-Iranian *warč-. Cognates include Hindi ऊक (ūk, “torch”), Bengali ঊক্ (uk, “torch”), Odia ଉକା (ukā, “torch, flash of fire, meteor”), Punjabi ਉਲਕਾ (ulakā), Assamese উকা (uka, “ignis fatuus”), Persian ورج (varj, “dignity”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ʊl.kɑː/, [ʊl.käː]
Noun
उल्का • (ulkā) f
- (astronomy) meteor
- उल्का वर्षा ― ulkā varṣā ― meteor shower
- (Can we date this quote?), Pradeep Kumar Mishra, अंतरिक्ष नगर [antrikṣ nagar, Space City]:
- परंतु पंकज इधर-उधर ऊपर-नीचे होकर बचता रहा। अचानक दोनों के बीच में एक बड़ा सा उल्का पिंड आ गया।
- parantu paṅkaj idhar-udhar ūpar-nīce hokar bactā rahā. acānak donõ ke bīc mẽ ek baṛā sā ulkā piṇḍ ā gayā.
- But Pankaj saved himself going here-and-there, under-and-over. Suddenly, a meteor came between the two.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | उल्का ulkā |
उल्काएँ ulkāẽ |
| oblique | उल्का ulkā |
उल्काओं ulkāõ |
| vocative | उल्का ulkā |
उल्काओ ulkāo |
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 231
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ulkā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 111
Further reading
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Monier-Williams (1872): A Sanskṛit-English Dictionary Etymologically and Philologically Arranged: With Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages
- Blažek, Václav (2010): The Indo-european "Smith"
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- উল্কা (Assamese script)
- ᬉᬮ᭄ᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
- উল্কা (Bengali script)
- 𑰄𑰩𑰿𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဥလ္ကာ (Burmese script)
- ઉલ્કા (Gujarati script)
- ਉਲ੍ਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌉𑌲𑍍𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦈꦭ꧀ꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂇𑂪𑂹𑂍𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಉಲ್ಕಾ (Kannada script)
- ឧល្កា (Khmer script)
- ອຸລ຺ກາ (Lao script)
- ഉല്കാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡠᠯᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘄𑘩𑘿𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠤᠯᢉᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦤𑧉𑧠𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐄𑐮𑑂𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଉଲ୍କା (Odia script)
- ꢆꢭ꣄ꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆇𑆬𑇀𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖄𑖩𑖿𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
- උල්කා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩒𑩽 𑪙𑩜𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚄𑚥𑚶𑚊𑚭 (Takri script)
- உல்கா (Tamil script)
- ఉల్కా (Telugu script)
- อุลฺกา (Thai script)
- ཨུ་ལྐཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒅𑒪𑓂𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨃𑨬𑩇𑨋𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain. Probably related to वर्चस् (várcas-, “lustre”). Outside of Indic, possibly related to Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ul.kɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ul̪.kɑː/
Noun
उ॒ल्का • (ulkā́) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | उ॒ल्का (ulkā́) | उ॒ल्के (ulké) | उ॒ल्काः (ulkā́ḥ) |
| accusative | उ॒ल्काम् (ulkā́m) | उ॒ल्के (ulké) | उ॒ल्काः (ulkā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | उ॒ल्कया॑ (ulkáyā) उ॒ल्का¹ (ulkā́¹) |
उ॒ल्काभ्या॑म् (ulkā́bhyām) | उ॒ल्काभिः॑ (ulkā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | उ॒ल्कायै॑ (ulkā́yai) | उ॒ल्काभ्या॑म् (ulkā́bhyām) | उ॒ल्काभ्यः॑ (ulkā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | उ॒ल्कायाः॑ (ulkā́yāḥ) उ॒ल्कायै॑² (ulkā́yai²) |
उ॒ल्काभ्या॑म् (ulkā́bhyām) | उ॒ल्काभ्यः॑ (ulkā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | उ॒ल्कायाः॑ (ulkā́yāḥ) उ॒ल्कायै॑² (ulkā́yai²) |
उ॒ल्कयोः॑ (ulkáyoḥ) | उ॒ल्काना॑म् (ulkā́nām) |
| locative | उ॒ल्काया॑म् (ulkā́yām) | उ॒ल्कयोः॑ (ulkáyoḥ) | उ॒ल्कासु॑ (ulkā́su) |
| vocative | उल्के॑ (úlke) | उल्के॑ (úlke) | उल्काः॑ (úlkāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- → Hindi: उल्का (ulkā)
- → Kannada: ಉಲ್ಕೆ (ulke)
- → Malayalam: ഉല്ക (ulka), ഉല്ക്ക (ulkka), ഉൽക (ulka), ഉൽക്ക (ulkka), ഉത്ക (utka)
- → Telugu: ఉల్క (ulka)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 231-32
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “उल्का”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 218, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “उल्का”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “उल्का”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “उल्क”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016