आयु
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आयु (āyu).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ɑː.juː/, [äː.juː]
Noun
आयु • (āyu) f (Urdu spelling آیو)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | आयु āyu |
आयुएँ āyuẽ |
| oblique | आयु āyu |
आयुओं āyuõ |
| vocative | आयु āyu |
आयुओ āyuo |
Synonyms
- उम्र (umra)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “आयु”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “आयु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- আয়ু (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬬᬸ (Balinese script)
- আয়ু (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰧𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀬𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- အာယု (Burmese script)
- આયુ (Gujarati script)
- ਆਯੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌯𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦪꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂨𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಆಯು (Kannada script)
- អាយុ (Khmer script)
- ອາຍຸ (Lao script)
- ആയു (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᠶᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘧𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑧇𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐫𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଆଯୁ (Odia script)
- ꢃꢫꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆪𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖧𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ආයු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩻𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚣𑚰 (Takri script)
- ஆயு (Tamil script)
- ఆయు (Telugu script)
- อายุ (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་ཡུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒨𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨪𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“long time, lifetime”).[1] Cognate with Latin aevum (whence English age), Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn) (whence English eon), Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 (āiiū, “lifetime, life”), Old English ā. The meaning "moveable" probably influenced by the root इ (i, “to go”). See also आयुस् (ā́yus).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑ́ː.ju/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ju/
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑː.jú/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ju/
Noun
आयु॑ • (ā́yu) stem, m
- man, a living being
- mankind, human race
- son, descendant, offspring
- family, lineage
- a divine personification presiding over life
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयुः॑ (ā́yuḥ) | आयू॑ (ā́yū) | आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ) |
| accusative | आयु॑म् (ā́yum) | आयू॑ (ā́yū) | आयू॑न् (ā́yūn) |
| instrumental | आयु॑ना (ā́yunā) आय्वा॑¹ (ā́yvā¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भिः (ā́yubhiḥ) |
| dative | आय॑वे (ā́yave) आय्वे॑¹ (ā́yve¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयोः॑ (ā́yoḥ) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयोः॑ (ā́yoḥ) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आय्वोः॑ (ā́yvoḥ) | आयू॑नाम् (ā́yūnām) |
| locative | आयौ॑ (ā́yau) | आय्वोः॑ (ā́yvoḥ) | आयु॑षु (ā́yuṣu) |
| vocative | आयो॑ (ā́yo) | आयू॑ (ā́yū) | आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
आयु॑ • (ā́yu) stem, n
- duration of life, lifetime, long life
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.3.7:
- अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
वयांसि जिन्व बृहतश्च जागृव उशिग्देवानामसि सुक्रतुर्विपाम्॥- agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.
vayāṃsi jinva bṛhataśca jāgṛva uśigdevānāmasi sukraturvipām. - Sing, Agni, for long life to us and noble sons: teem thou with plenty, shine upon us store of food.
Increase the great man's strength, thou ever-vigilant: thou, longing for the Gods, knowest their hymns full well.
- agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.
- अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयु॑ (ā́yu) | आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) | आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹) |
| accusative | आयु॑ (ā́yu) | आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) | आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹) |
| instrumental | आयु॑ना (ā́yunā) आय्वा॑¹ (ā́yvā¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भिः (ā́yubhiḥ) |
| dative | आयु॑ने (ā́yune) आय॑वे¹ (ā́yave¹) आय्वे॑¹ (ā́yve¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयु॑नः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः॑¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयु॑नः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः॑¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयु॑नोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः॑¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹) |
आयू॑नाम् (ā́yūnām) |
| locative | आयु॑नि (ā́yuni) आयौ॑¹ (ā́yau¹) |
आयु॑नोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः॑¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹) |
आयु॑षु (ā́yuṣu) |
| vocative | आयु॑ (ā́yu) आयो॑ (ā́yo) |
आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) | आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Assamese: আয়ু (ayu)
- Bengali: আয়ু (aẏu)
- Maithili: आयु (āyʉ)
- Marathi: आयु (āyu)
- Pali: āyu
- → Telugu: ఆయువు (āyuvu)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀉 (āu)
- Old Hindi: आउ (āu)
- → Tamil: ஆயுள் (āyuḷ)
- Nepali: आयु (āyu)
Adjective
आ॒यु • (āyú) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आ॒युः (āyúḥ) | आ॒यू (āyū́) | आ॒यवः॑ (āyávaḥ) |
| accusative | आ॒युम् (āyúm) | आ॒यू (āyū́) | आ॒यून् (āyū́n) |
| instrumental | आ॒युना॑ (āyúnā) आ॒य्वा¹ (āyvā́¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वे¹ (āyvé¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आ॒यौ (āyáu) | आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयो॑ (ā́yo) | आयू॑ (ā́yū) | आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आ॒युः (āyúḥ) | आ॒यू (āyū́) | आ॒यवः॑ (āyávaḥ) |
| accusative | आ॒युम् (āyúm) | आ॒यू (āyū́) | आ॒यूः (āyū́ḥ) |
| instrumental | आ॒य्वा (āyvā́) | आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वै¹ (āyvái¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वाः¹ (āyvā́ḥ¹) आ॒य्वै² (āyvái²) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वाः¹ (āyvā́ḥ¹) आ॒य्वै² (āyvái²) |
आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आ॒यौ (āyáu) आ॒य्वाम्¹ (āyvā́m¹) |
आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयो॑ (ā́yo) | आयू॑ (ā́yū) | आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आ॒यु (āyú) | आ॒युनी॑ (āyúnī) | आ॒यूनि॑ (āyū́ni) आ॒यु¹ (āyú¹) आ॒यू¹ (āyū́¹) |
| accusative | आ॒यु (āyú) | आ॒युनी॑ (āyúnī) | आ॒यूनि॑ (āyū́ni) आ॒यु¹ (āyú¹) आ॒यू¹ (āyū́¹) |
| instrumental | आ॒युना॑ (āyúnā) आ॒य्वा¹ (āyvā́¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आ॒युने॑ (āyúne) आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वे¹ (āyvé¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आ॒युनः॑ (āyúnaḥ) आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām) | आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आ॒युनः॑ (āyúnaḥ) आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आ॒युनोः॑ (āyúnoḥ) आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) |
आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आ॒युनि॑ (āyúni) आ॒यौ (āyáu) |
आ॒युनोः॑ (āyúnoḥ) आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ) |
आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयु॑ (ā́yu) आयो॑ (ā́yo) |
आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) | आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ā́yuṣ- (> line 1 > ā́yu-)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “आयु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 148, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “आयु”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan