अतिक्रमण
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit अतिक्रमण (atikramaṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ə.t̪ɪk.ɾə.məɳ/, [ɐ.t̪ɪk.ɾɐ.mɐ̃ɳ]
Noun
अतिक्रमण • (atikramaṇ) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अतिक्रमण atikramaṇ |
अतिक्रमण atikramaṇ |
| oblique | अतिक्रमण atikramaṇ |
अतिक्रमणों atikramaṇõ |
| vocative | अतिक्रमण atikramaṇ |
अतिक्रमणो atikramaṇo |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “अतिक्रमण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 141
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “अतिक्रमण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 22
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অতিক্ৰমণ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬢᬶᬓ᭄ᬭᬫᬡ (Balinese script)
- অতিক্রমণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰝𑰰𑰎𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- အတိကြမဏ (Burmese script)
- અતિક્રમણ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਤਿਕ੍ਰਮਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌤𑌿𑌕𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦠꦶꦏꦿꦩꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂞𑂱𑂍𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಅತಿಕ್ರಮಣ (Kannada script)
- អតិក្រមណ (Khmer script)
- ອຕິກ຺ຣມຓ (Lao script)
- അതിക്രമണ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢠᡳᡬᡵᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘝𑘱𑘎𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢐᠢᢉᠷᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑦽𑧒𑦮𑧠𑧈𑧆𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐟𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଅତିକ୍ରମଣ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢡꢶꢒ꣄ꢬꢪꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆠𑆴𑆑𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖝𑖰𑖎𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖜 (Siddham script)
- අතික්රමණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩫𑩑𑩜 𑪙𑩼𑩴𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚙𑚮𑚊𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚘 (Takri script)
- அதிக்ரமண (Tamil script)
- అతిక్రమణ (Telugu script)
- อติกฺรมณ (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཏི་ཀྲ་མ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒞𑒱𑒏𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨙𑨁𑨋𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From अति (ati, “over, beyond”) + क्रमण (kramaṇa, “the act of stepping”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ.tik.ɾɐ́.mɐ.ɳɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.t̪ik.ɾɐ.mɐ.ɳɐ/
Noun
अ॒ति॒क्रम॑ण • (atikrámaṇa) stem, n
- the act of stepping over; the act of overstepping
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.100.33:
- कालातिक्रमणाच् चैव भक्तवेतनयोर् भृताः ।
भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दुष्यन्ति सो ऽनर्थस् सुमहान् स्मृतः ॥- kālātikramaṇāc caiva bhaktavetanayor bhṛtāḥ.
bhartuḥ kupyanti duṣyanti so ʼnarthas sumahān smṛtaḥ. - It is considered a very bad occurrence if due to delay [lit. overstepping of time] of food and wages, those dependent get corrupted and angry on the master.
- kālātikramaṇāc caiva bhaktavetanayor bhṛtāḥ.
- कालातिक्रमणाच् चैव भक्तवेतनयोर् भृताः ।
- excess
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णम् (atikrámaṇam) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णे (atikrámaṇe) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णानि (atikrámaṇāni) अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णा¹ (atikrámaṇā¹) |
| accusative | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णम् (atikrámaṇam) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णे (atikrámaṇe) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णानि (atikrámaṇāni) अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णा¹ (atikrámaṇā¹) |
| instrumental | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णेन (atikrámaṇena) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णाभ्याम् (atikrámaṇābhyām) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णैः (atikrámaṇaiḥ) अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णेभिः¹ (atikrámaṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णाय (atikrámaṇāya) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णाभ्याम् (atikrámaṇābhyām) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णेभ्यः (atikrámaṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णात् (atikrámaṇāt) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णाभ्याम् (atikrámaṇābhyām) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णेभ्यः (atikrámaṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णस्य (atikrámaṇasya) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णयोः (atikrámaṇayoḥ) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णानाम् (atikrámaṇānām) |
| locative | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णे (atikrámaṇe) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णयोः (atikrámaṇayoḥ) | अ॒ति॒क्रम॑णेषु (atikrámaṇeṣu) |
| vocative | अति॑क्रमण (átikramaṇa) | अति॑क्रमणे (átikramaṇe) | अति॑क्रमणानि (átikramaṇāni) अति॑क्रमणा¹ (átikramaṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: atikkamaṇa
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀇𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑀡 (aïkkamaṇa)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “अतिक्रमण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 13.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “atikramaṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “अतिक्रमण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 40
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “atikramaṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 11