ܦܠܚܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܦ ܠ ܚ (p l ḥ)
6 terms

Active noun of ܦܵܠܹܚ (pālēḥ, “to work”), inherited from Aramaic פַּלָּחָא (pallāḥā); compare also borrowed into Arabic فَلَّاح (fallāḥ, “farmer, peasant”).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [pallɑːxɑː]

Noun

ܦܲܠܵܚܵܐ • (pallāḥā) m (plural ܦܲܠܵܚܹ̈ܐ (pallāḥē), feminine ܦܲܠܵܚܬܵܐ (pallāḥtā))

worker, workman, laborer
Near-synonym: ܦܵܥܠܵܐ (pāˁlā)

Inflection

Inflection of **ܦܲܠܵܚܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	ܦܲܠܵܚ (pallāḥ)	1^st person	ܦܲܠܵܚܝܼ (pallāḥī)		ܦܲܠܵܚܲܢ (pallāḥan)
	construct	ܦܲܠܵܚ (pallāḥ)	2^nd person	ܦܲܠܵܚܘܼܟ݂ (pallāḥōḵ)	ܦܲܠܵܚܵܟ݂ܝ (pallāḥāḵ)	ܦܲܠܵܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (pallāḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܦܲܠܵܚܵܐ (pallāḥā)	3^rd person	ܦܲܠܵܚܹܗ (pallāḥēh)	ܦܲܠܵܚܵܗ̇ (pallāḥāh)	ܦܲܠܵܚܗܘܿܢ (pallāḥhōn)
plural	absolute	ܦܲܠܵܚܝܼ̈ܢ (pallāḥīn)	1^st person	ܦܲܠܵܚܝܼ̈ (pallāḥī)		ܦܲܠܵܚܲܢ̈ (pallāḥan)
	construct	ܦܲܠܵܚܲܝ̈ (pallāḥay)	2^nd person	ܦܲܠܵܚܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (pallāḥōḵ)	ܦܲܠܵܚܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (pallāḥāḵ)	ܦܲܠܵܚܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (pallāḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܦܲܠܵܚܹ̈ܐ (pallāḥē)	3^rd person	ܦܲܠܵܚܘܼ̈ܗܝ (pallāḥūh)	ܦܲܠܵܚܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (pallāḥōh)	ܦܲܠܵܚܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (pallāḥayhōn)

Etymology 2

Root
ܦ ܠ ܚ (p l ḥ)
6 terms

Verbal noun of ܦܵܠܹܚ (pālēḥ, “to work”).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [plɑːxɑː]

Noun

ܦܠܵܚܵܐ • (plāḥā) m

working

Inflection

Inflection of **ܦܠܵܚܵܐ**
number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	ܦܠܵܚ (plāḥ)	1^st person	ܦܠܵܚܝܼ (plāḥī)		ܦܠܵܚܲܢ (plāḥan)
	construct	ܦܠܵܚ (plāḥ)	2^nd person	ܦܠܵܚܘܼܟ݂ (plāḥōḵ)	ܦܠܵܚܵܟ݂ܝ (plāḥāḵ)	ܦܠܵܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (plāḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܦܠܵܚܵܐ (plāḥā)	3^rd person	ܦܠܵܚܹܗ (plāḥēh)	ܦܠܵܚܵܗ̇ (plāḥāh)	ܦܠܵܚܗܘܿܢ (plāḥhōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܦ ܠ ܚ related to working.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pɑlħɑ] (singular)
IPA^(key): [pɑlħe], [pɑlaħwɑθɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ or ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)

Chess pieces in Classical Syriac (layout · text)

ܡܠܟܐ	ܬܘܪܬܢܐ	ܡܓܕܠܐ	ܦܝܠܐ	ܣܘܣܝܐ	ܦܠܚܐ

Usage notes

Usually, the plural ܦܠܚܐ (pālḥē) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ (pālaḥwāṯā) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).

Inflection

Inflection of **ܦܠܚܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܦܠܚ	1^st person	ܦܠܚܝ		ܦܠܚܢ
	construct	ܦܠܚ	2^nd person	ܦܠܚܟ	ܦܠܚܟܝ	ܦܠܚܟܘܢ	ܦܠܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܦܠܚܐ	3^rd person	ܦܠܚܗ	ܦܠܚܗ	ܦܠܚܗܘܢ	ܦܠܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܦܠܚܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܢ	1^st person	ܦܠܚܘܬܝ ,ܦܠܚܝ		ܦܠܚܘܬܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܢ
	construct	ܦܠܚܘܬ ,ܦܠܚܝ	2^nd person	ܦܠܚܘܬܟ ,ܦܠܚܝܟ	ܦܠܚܘܬܟܝ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܝ	ܦܠܚܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܘܢ	ܦܠܚܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܦܠܚܘܬܐ ,ܦܠܚܐ	3^rd person	ܦܠܚܘܬܗ ,ܦܠܚܘܗܝ	ܦܠܚܘܬܗ ,ܦܠܚܝܗ	ܦܠܚܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܗܘܢ	ܦܠܚܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: pale

→ Central Kurdish: پاڵە (palle)

Etymology 2

From the root ܦ ܠ ܚ related to working. Compare Aramaic פלחא.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pallɑħɑ] (singular)
IPA^(key): [pallɑħe] (plural)

Noun

ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)

worker
Synonym: ܦܥܠܐ
tiller, cultivator, farmer, agriculturalist
Synonym: ܐܟܪܐ
vintner, vinedresser
Synonyms: ܟܪܡܐ, ܚܡܪܐ
worshipper

Inflection

Inflection of **ܦܠܚܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܦܠܚ	1^st person	ܦܠܚܝ		ܦܠܚܢ
	construct	ܦܠܚ	2^nd person	ܦܠܚܟ	ܦܠܚܟܝ	ܦܠܚܟܘܢ	ܦܠܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܦܠܚܐ	3^rd person	ܦܠܚܗ	ܦܠܚܗ	ܦܠܚܗܘܢ	ܦܠܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܦܠܚܝܢ	1^st person	ܦܠܚܝ		ܦܠܚܝܢ
	construct	ܦܠܚܝ	2^nd person	ܦܠܚܝܟ	ܦܠܚܝܟܝ	ܦܠܚܝܟܘܢ	ܦܠܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܦܠܚܐ	3^rd person	ܦܠܚܘܗܝ	ܦܠܚܝܗ	ܦܠܚܝܗܘܢ	ܦܠܚܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

→ Arabic: فَلَّاح (fallāḥ)
- → English: fellah
- → French: fellah
- → German: Fellache
- Kurdish
  → Northern Kurdish: file, fele, fileh, fillah, fille
  → Central Kurdish: فەلە (fele)
- → Russian: фелла́х (felláx)
- → Swahili: falahi
- → Ottoman Turkish: فلاح
  - Turkish: felah, fellah
  - → Aromanian: fileah
  - → Bulgarian: фела́х (feláh)
  - → Serbo-Croatian:
    - Cyrillic script: фѐла̄х
    - Latin script: fèlāh

References

“plḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 277a, b
Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 448a
Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1197b–1198a