یار
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yār (“precipice, steep bank”).
Noun
یار • (yar) (definite accusative یاری (yarı), plural یارلر (yarlar))
Derived terms
- یار ییقندیسی (yar yıkındısı, “sudden misfortune”, literally “debris of a cliff”)
- یاردن آتمق (yardan atmak, “to lead into trouble”, literally “to throw from a cliff”)
- یاردن اوچمق (yardan uçmak, “to get entangled in trouble”, literally “to fall down a cliff”)
Descendants
- Turkish: yar
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “یار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 862
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “yar3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 5, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5216
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “یار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 499b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “یار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1336
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “yar1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “یار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2181
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈjaːr/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [jɑːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [jɒːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [jɔɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | yār |
| Dari reading? | yār |
| Iranian reading? | yâr |
| Tajik reading? | yor |
- Rhymes: -ɑːr
Etymology 1
Contraction of Middle Persian (and archaic New Persian) یاور (yâvar). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian hyʾr (/hayyār/, “helper, friend”).
Noun
یار • (yār / yâr) (plural یاران (yārān / yârân), Tajik spelling ёр)
- (literary) friend, lover, companion
- (literary) assistant, defender, helper
- (sports) a player in a team
- strength, power
- pestle
Derived terms
- یار و یاور (yâr-o-yâvar)
- یارانه (yârâne)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: yar
- → Bashkir: йәр (yər)
- → Chagatai: يار
- → Gujarati: યાર (yār)
- → Hindustani:
- → English: yaar
- → Kazakh: жар (jar)
- → Middle Armenian: եար (ear)
- Armenian: յար (yar)
- Ottoman Turkish: یار (yār)
- → Punjabi: یار (yār) / ਯਾਰ (yār)
- → Marwari: यार (yār)
See also
- یاور (yâvar)
Etymology 2
As in دچار which is from Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎶 (dušiyāram, “bad year, drought, ill-crop”), from Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (dužiiāiriia, “bad year, drought, harvest bringing bad seasons”), from ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *dušyārah (“bad year, drought”)
Noun
یار • (yār / yâr) (Tajik spelling ёр)
- (archaic) year
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “يار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 1525
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 399
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian یار (yār).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /jäːɾᵊ/
Noun
یار • (yār) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯਾਰ)
Declension
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| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | یَار (yār) | یَار (yār) |
| oblique | یَار (yār) | یَاراں (yārāṉ) |
| vocative | یَارا (yārā) | یَارو (yāro) |
| ablative | یَاروں (yāroṉ) | — |
| locative | یَارے (yāre) | یَارِیں (yārīṉ) |
| instrumental | یَاروں (yāroṉ) | – |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “یار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- “ਯਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian یَار (yār).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /jɑːɾ/
- Rhymes: -ɑːɾ
Noun
یار • (yār) m (Hindi spelling यार)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | یار (yār) | یار (yār) |
| oblique | یار (yār) | یاروں (yārõ) |
| vocative | یار (yār) | یارو (yāro) |
Descendants
- → English: yaar
Ushojo
Etymology
Noun
یار (yār)