چل

See also: خل, حل, and جل

Kalami

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit *प्रभाल (*prabhāla)

Kalami چل

Inherited from Sanskrit *प्रभाल (*prabhāla). Cognate with Palula práal.

Pronunciation

Tone class: Hy
IPA^(key): /t͡ɕə́(ː)l/

Noun

چل (čäl) m

light

References

Baart, Joan L. G. (1997), “čäl”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎^[1], National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 83
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*prabhāla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 491

Pashto

Etymology

From Hindustani, see Urdu چھل and Hindi छल (chal).

Noun

چل • (čal) m (plural چلونه (čaluna))

Derived terms

چلي (čali)

Persian

Etymology 1

Alternative form of (čehel, “forty”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃil/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰil̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰel̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰil]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čil
Dari reading^?	čil
Iranian reading^?	čel
Tajik reading^?	čil

Numeral

چل • (čel) (Persian numeral ۴ ۰)

forty

Etymology 2

Alternative form of (čul, “penis”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃul/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰʊl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰʊl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰul̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰol̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰul]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čul
Dari reading^?	čul
Iranian reading^?	čol
Tajik reading^?	čul

Noun

چل • (čol)

penis
Synonyms: کیر (kir), آلت (âlat), دول (dul), نری (nari), قضیب (qazib), ذکر (zakar)

Descendants

→⇒ Khalaj: çuluk
→ Azerbaijani: çüçə

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Azerbaijani çil.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃil/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰil̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰel̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰil]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čil
Dari reading^?	čil
Iranian reading^?	čel
Tajik reading^?	čil

Adjective

چل • (čel)

speckled, spotted
stupid, dim-witted

Noun

چل • (çel) (obsolete)

partridge or hazel grouse
Synonyms: کبک (kabak), دج (daj), زرچ (zareč)

References

Vullers, Johann August (1855), “چل”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 586