چغندر

• چقندر (čoqondar, čoqondor), چکندر (čukundar, čukundur), چگندر (čugundar, čugundur), چندر (čundar, čundur)

Bailey derives from Proto-Iranian *čak- (“be pointed, horned”) (compare Khotanese [script needed] (cakurīka-, “wood sorrel”), Persian چکش (čakoš, “hammer”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kek-, *kenk-, *keg-, *keng- (“be pointed; hook, peg”), on which see Pokorny.^[1][2]

An improbable origin from Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł) has also been suggested.

Cognate with Kurdish çewender, چەوەندەر (çewender), Gurani چۆنڎەری (čōnḓarī), Northern Luri چونںر (çonər), Talysh чәғынде (“beet”); çəğınde, Northern Kurdish çarkindêle (“beet; carrot”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł, “beet”), Old Georgian ჭაკუნტელი (č̣aḳunṭeli), Chinese 莙薘 / 莙荙 (jūndá, “chard”).

چغندر • (classical čuġundar, čuġundur, iranian čoġondar, čoġondur)

1. beet

• → Azerbaijani: çuğundur
• → Bashkir: сөгөлдөр (sögöldör)
• → Chuvash: чӗкӗнтӗр (čĕk̬ĕnt̬ĕr)
• → Gujarati: ચુકનદાર (cukandār)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: चुक़ंदर (cuqandar), चुक़न्दर (cuqandar), चुक़ुन्दर (cuqundar), चुग़न्दर (cuġandar), चुकंदर (cukandar), चुकन्दर (cukandar) — nuqtaless

  Urdu: چقندر (cuqandar), چغندر (cuġandar)

• → Karachay-Balkar: чюгюндюр (çügündür)
• → Lezgi: чугъундур (čuġundur)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چوكندر (çükündür, çökündür, çügündür, çükündur, çükundur)
  • Turkish: çükündür, çökündür
  • → Bulgarian: чукунду́р (čukundúr)
  • → Ladino: chukundur
  • → Middle Armenian: չքնտուր (čʻkʻntur)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: (Syrmia, obsolete)

    Cyrillic script: чуку̀ндрук

    Latin script: čukùndruk

• → Pashto: چغندر (čuğundar)
• → Turkmen: şugundyr
• → Tatar: чөгендер (çögender)

• لبو (labū / labu, “cooked beet”)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977), “ճակն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 176–177
• Cabolov, R. L. (2001), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 225, 230
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “چغندر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 75, 76
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897), Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 186
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “چغندر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul