هنگام

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hngʾm /⁠hangām⁠/, “time, occasion”); by surface analysis, (han, “alternative form of (ham-, “co-”)”) +‎ (gām, “step”).^[1] Akin to Old Armenian հանգամանք (hangamankʻ, “details, circumstances, way”), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /han.ˈɡaːm/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häŋ.ɡɑːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäŋ.ɡɑːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäŋ.ɡɔːm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæŋ.ɡɒːm], [heŋ.ɡɒːm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häŋ.ɡɔm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	hangām
Dari reading^?	hangām
Iranian reading^?	hangâm, hengâm
Tajik reading^?	hangom

Noun

هنگام • (hangām / hangâm, hengâm) (Tajik spelling ҳангом)^[2]^[3]

moment, time, event
dar hengam-e zelzele ârâm bemânid
Stay calm in the event of an earthquake
- 9th century, Firdowsi, Shahnameh
  به جامسپ گفت ار چنین است کار
  به هنگام رفتن سوی کارزار
  ba jâmasp guft ar čenin ast kâr
  ba hangâm-î raftan sôy-î kârzâr
(rare) season
- 11th century, Manuchehri
  هنگام بهار است و جهان چون بت فرخار
  خیز ای بت فرخار و بیار آن گل بی خار
  hangâm-î bahâr ast u jahân čun but-î farxâr, xêz ay but-î farxâr u beyâr ân gul-î be xâr

Derived terms

بهنگام (behengâm)
هنگامه (hengâme)
هنگامی که (hengâmi ke)
شباهنگام (šabâhengâm)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: હંગામ (haṅgām)
→ Ottoman Turkish: همكام (hengam)

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “هنگام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 128
^ Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “هنگام”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “hngʾm”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 42

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 128

[2] Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “هنگام”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

[3] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “hngʾm”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 42

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