ـدا
See also: دا
Punjabi
Alternative forms
- ـندا (-ndā) — postvocalic
Etymology
From the masculine singular accusative of Sanskrit -अत् (-at), -अन्तम् (-antam), (with a later extension in MIA) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Hindi -ता (-tā), Belarusian -у́чы (-účy), and German -end.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /d̪äː/
- (colloquial, Canada) IPA(key): [d̪ɐ(ˑ)]
- Rhymes: -äː
Suffix
ـدا • (-dā) (Gurmukhi spelling -ਦਾ)
- used to form the masculine singular habitual participle from verb stems
Usage notes
- Before consonant‑final noun stems, this suffix attaches without change (e.g. دَھرِیک (dharīk) + ـدا (-dā) → دَھرِیکدا (dharīkdā)). However, with stems ending in a vowel it normally nasalizes that vowel and often inserts a weakly articulated /n/, as in: پِ (pi) + ـدا (-dā) → پِندا (pindā)
In most cases this nasalization reflects an original nasal consonant from Prakrit -𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀢 (-anta).
- The participle declines differently than adjectives, particularly in the direct feminine plural:
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Uyghur
Suffix
ـدا • (-da)
See also
| voiced consonant | unvoiced consonant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| back vowel | front vowel | back vowel | front vowel | |
| nominative | — | |||
| genitive | ـنىڭ (-ning) | |||
| accusative | ـنى (-ni) | |||
| dative | ـغا (-gha) | ـگە (-ge) | ـقا (-qa) | ـكە (-ke) ـقە (-qe) |
| locative | ـدا (-da) | ـدە (-de) | ـتا (-ta) | ـتە (-te) |
| ablative | ـدىن (-din) | ـتىن (-tin) | ||
| locative-qualitative | ـدىكى (-diki) | ـتىكى (-tiki) | ||
| limitative | ـغىچە (-ghiche) | ـگىچە (-giche) | ـقىچە (-qiche) | ـكىچە (-kiche) |
| similitude | ـدەك (-dek) | ـتەك (-tek) | ||
| equivalence | ـچىلىك (-chilik) ـچە (-che) | |||
| representative | ـنىڭكى (-ningki) | |||
- Appendix:Uyghur suffixes