بخشش
See also: تحسس
Gulf Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian بخشش (“gift, donation, tip”).
Verb
بخشش • (baḵšaš) (imperfect يبخشش (yibaḵšiš))
References
- Qafisheh, Hamdi (1997), NTC's Gulf Arabic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, USA: NTC Publishing Group, →ISBN
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- بخشیش (bahşiş)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Middle Persian [script needed] (ḤLKWN-šn' /baxšišn/)
Ottoman Turkish بخشش
Borrowed from Classical Persian بَخْشِش (baxšiš).
Noun
بخشش • (bahşiş) (definite accusative بخششی (bahşişi), plural بخششلر (bahşişler))
- gift, present, boon, something given to another voluntarily, without charge
- tip, a small amount of money left for a servant as a token of appreciation
- baksheesh, a bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount
Derived terms
- بخشش آلمق (bahşiş almak, “to receive a tip or baksheesh”)
- بخشش ویرمك (bahşiş vermek, “to tip; to baksheesh”)
Descendants
- Turkish: bahşiş
- → Albanian: bakshish
- → Armenian: պախշիշ (paxšiš), պա̈շխիշ (päšxiš), պախշըշ (paxšəš)
- → Bulgarian: бакшиш (bakšiš)
- → Czech: bakšiš
- → English: baksheesh
- → Portuguese: baksheesh
- → French: bakchich
- → German: Bakschisch
- → Greek: μπαξίσι (baxísi)
- → Hungarian: baksis
- → Ladino: bahshish, bakshish
- → Macedonian: бакшиш (bakšiš)
- → Polish: bakszysz
- → Romanian: bacșiș
- → Russian: бакшиш (bakšiš)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Ukrainian: бакшиш (bakšyš)
Further reading
click to expand
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “بخشش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 288
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “bahşiş”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 439
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “بخشش”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 110a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “بخشش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 255
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Donum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 430
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “بخشش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, columns 721-722
- Moran, Ahmet Vahid (1924), “tip”, in A condensed dictionary, English–Turkish, Constantinople: Fratelli Haim, page 597b
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bahşiş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “بخشش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 344
Persian
Alternative forms
- بخشیش (baxšīš / baxšiš)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Middle Persian [script needed] (ḤLKWN-šn' /baxšišn/)
Persian بخشش
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ḤLKWN-šn' /baxšišn/, “bestowal, distribution”). By surface analysis, بخش (baxš) + ـش (-eš). Akin to Old Armenian բաշխիշ (bašxiš), an Iranian borrowing.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /bax.ˈʃiʃ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [bäx.ʃɪ́ʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæx.ʃéʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäχ.ʃíʃ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | baxšiš |
| Dari reading? | baxšiš |
| Iranian reading? | baxšeš |
| Tajik reading? | baxšiš |
Noun
بخشش • (baxšiš / baxšeš) (Tajik spelling бахшиш)
Related terms
- بخشیدن (baxšīdan / baxšidan)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: bəxşiş
- → Arabic: بَقْشِيش (baqšīš)
- Maltese: boqxiex
- → Bengali: বকশিশ (bokśiś), বখশিস (bokhośiś), বখশিশ (bokhośiś), বকশিস (bokśiś)
- → Gulf Arabic: بخشش (baḵšaš)
- → Gujarati: બક્ષિશ (bakṣiś), બક્ષિસ (bakṣis), બખશીશ (bakhśīś)
- → Marathi: बक्षीस (bakṣīs), बक्षिशी (bakṣiśī), बक्षिसी (bakṣisī)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بخشش (bahşiş) (see there for further descendants)
- → Hindustani:
- → Punjabi:
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971), “բաշխիշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 412a
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895), Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 235
- Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “baxšišn”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 45b
- Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 56
Urdu
Etymology
Etymology tree
Middle Persian [script needed] (ḤLKWN-šn' /baxšišn/)
Urdu بخشش
Borrowed from Classical Persian بَخْشِش (baxšiš).
Noun
بَخْشِش • (baxśiś) f (Hindi spelling बख़्शिश)