افغان
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْغَان (afġān).
Noun
افغان • (Afgan)
Adjective
افغان • (Afgan)
Pashto
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْغَان (afġān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔaf.ɣɑn/, /ʔap.ɣɑn/, [ʔäv.ɣɑ́n], [ʔäb.ɣɑ́n], [ʔa̠ʊ̯.ɣɑ́n]
Noun
افغان • (afǧā́n) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | افغان (afǧān) | افغانان (afǧānân) |
| oblique | افغان (afǧān) | افغانانو (afǧānâno) |
| vocative | افغانه (afǧāna) | افغانانو (afǧānâno) |
Related terms
- افغانستان (afǧānistān)
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ʔaf.ˈɣaːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäf.ˈɣɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæf.ˈɢɒːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäf.ˈʁɔn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | afġān |
| Dari reading? | afġān |
| Iranian reading? | afġân |
| Tajik reading? | afġon |
Etymology 1
Derived from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”) + [script needed] (-āna, “ethnic group”): "people from a distant land". The /b/ > /f/ shift represents a phonetic peculiarity of the Early New Persian dialect of Khorasan.[1]
Noun
افغان • (afġān / afġân) (plural افغانها (afġān-hā / afġân-hâ), or افاغنه (afāġina / afâġene), Tajik spelling афғон)
- Afghan (a person from Afghanistan)
- (dated or archaic) Pashtun (a person of Pashtun ethnicity)
Alternative forms
- اوغان (awġān / owġân)
- اوغو (awġō / owġu) (dialectal, Hazaragi)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Turkmen: owgan
Etymology 2
Derived from Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβγʾn /əfɣaːn/). Cognate with Middle Persian ʾbxwʾn- (abxwān-, “to call, cry”).
Interjection
افغان • (afġān / afġân) (Tajik spelling афғон)
Noun
افغان • (afġān / afġân) (Tajik spelling афғон)
- lamentation, cry
- Synonyms: زاری (zārī / zâri), فریاد (faryād / faryâd)
Alternative forms
- فغان (faġān / faġân), اوغان (awġān / owġân)
Derived terms
- افغان برآوردن (afġân bar-âvardan)
- افغان برداشتن (afġân bar-dâštan)
- افغان برکشیدن (afġân bar-kešidan)
- افغان کردن (afġân kardan)
References
- ^ Johnny Cheung (2017), “On the Origin of the Terms "Afghan" & "Pashtun" (Again)”, in Enrico Morano, Elio Provasi & Adriano V. Rossi, editors, Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume, Rome, Italy: Scienze e Lettere, →ISBN, pages 31—51
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afġān).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /əf.ɣɑːn/
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
- Hyphenation: اَف‧غان
Noun
اَفْغان • (afġān) m (Hindi spelling अफ़ग़ान)
- Afghan (a person from Afghanistan)
- (historical) Pashtun (a person of Pashtun ethnicity)
- Synonym: پَٹھان (paṭhān)
Related terms
References
- “افغان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “افغان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
Uzbek
Noun
افغان (afgʻon) (plural افغانلر)
- Afghan Uzbek spelling of afgʻon