גשם

Hebrew

Root
ג־שׁ־ם (g-sh-m)
3 terms

Etymology

Compare Ugaritic 𐎂𐎌𐎎 (gšm, “rain, downpour”). The sense "body" (and, by extension, "substance") is first attested in Aramaic parts of the Book of Daniel and later gained currency in Medieval Hebrew. This sense appears to represent a borrowing from Aramaic, for which compare Classical Syriac ܓܘܫܡܐ and confer Arabic جِسْم (jism).

Pronunciation

  • (Biblical Hebrew) IPA(key): /ɡaʃm/
  • (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA(key): /ˈɡeʃem/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

גֶּשֶׁם • (géshem) m (plural indefinite גְּשָׁמִים, singular construct גֶּשֶׁם־, plural construct גִּשְׁמֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. (meteorology) rain
    Synonym: מָטָר (matár)
    • Tanach, Genesis 7:12, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וַיְהִ֥י הַגֶּ֖שֶׁם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה׃
      Va-yehí ha-géshem 'al-ha-árets arba'ím yom va-arba'ím láyla.
      And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
  2. (Biblical Hebrew, Mishnaic Hebrew) shower, heavy rain
  3. flood
  4. (Medieval Hebrew) body
  5. substance

Declension

Declension of גֶּשֶׁם
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
Number: State: form Person: singular plural
m f m f
singular indefinite גֶּשֶׁם first גִּשְׁמִי גִּשְׁמֵנוּ
definite הַגֶּשֶׁם second גִּשְׁמְךָ גִּשְׁמֵךְ גִּשְׁמְכֶם גִּשְׁמְכֶן
construct גֶּשֶׁם־ third גִּשְׁמוֹ גִּשְׁמָהּ גִּשְׁמָם גִּשְׁמָן
plural indefinite גְּשָׁמִים first גשמיי / גְּשָׁמַי גְּשָׁמֵינוּ
definite הַגְּשָׁמִים second גְּשָׁמֶיךָ גשמייך / גְּשָׁמַיִךְ גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם גִּשְׁמֵיכֶן
construct גִּשְׁמֵי־ third גְּשָׁמָיו גְּשָׁמֶיהָ גִּשְׁמֵיהֶם גִּשְׁמֵיהֶן

Derived terms

References

Further reading

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