אשון

Derived from Aramaic אֲשׁוּנָא (ʾăšūnā), אָשׁוּן (ʾāšūn, “hard”), where original ח (ḥ) or ע (ʿ) was replaced by א (ʾ) in one of the dialects, where א (ʾ), ח (ḥ), ע (ʿ) (and sometimes ה (h)) all merge to the same sound. Compare the alternative form, עָשׁוּן ('ashún). The same also happened in Samaritan Hebrew.

Cognates are Classical Syriac ܥܫܝܢ (ʿiššīn, “strong”), Arabic خَشِن (ḵašin, “rough”).

• עָשׁוּן

• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔɔˈʃun/ [ʔɔːˈʃuːn]
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ɔˈʃun/
• (Mizrahi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔaːˈʃun/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /äˈʃun/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)aˈʃun/ [äˈʃun]

אָשׁוּן • (ashún) (feminine אֲשׁוּנָה, masculine plural אֲשׁוּנִים, feminine plural אֲשׁוּנוֹת) [pattern: קָטוּל]

2. hard, tough

   Synonyms: קָשׁוּחַ, קָשֶׁה

4. rigid, stiff

   Synonyms: קָשִׁיחַ, צָפִיד

6. rough

   Synonym: מחוספס / מְחֻסְפָּס

• אֲשִׁינוּת (ashinút, “hardness, roughness, stiffness, rigidity”)

• Klein, Ernest (1987), “אָשׁוּן”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎^[1], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 57
• “אשון” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Derived from Akkadian 𒂡 (isinnu, išinnu, “festival, fixed time”), from Sumerian 𒂡 (ezem, ezen /⁠ezem⁠/, “festival”), which is possibly a borrowing from Semitic languages itself (comp. Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim, “season, festival”)).

• אִישׁוֹן

• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔɛ̆ˈʃun/ [ʔɛ̆ˈʃuːn]
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /eˈʃun/
• (Mizrahi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔeˈʃun/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /e̞ˈʃun/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)eˈʃun/ [e̞ˈʃun]

אֱשׁוּן • (eshún) m (no plural forms, singular construct אֱשׁוּן־)

2. (biblical, hapax legomenon) time, period of time

   Synonyms: זְמַן, עֵת

   • Tanach, Proverbs 20:20, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     מְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ יִדְעַךְ נֵרוֹ (באישון) בֶּאֱשׁוּן חֹשֶׁךְ׃

     One who reviles his father or mother, light will fail him when [the time of] darkness comes.

• Klein, Ernest (1987), “אֱשׁוּן”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎^[2], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 57