усь

See also: Appendix:Variations of "us"

Ket

Etymology 1

A grammatical prefix with no known counterpart in other Yeniseian languages perhaps except the possibly related Ket хысь (hɨ̀sʲ, expressive particle conveying intensity of action).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˣus/, [usʲ]

Particle

усь (usʲ)

  1. particle in verb stems, dependent or independent of the verb, denoting an extreme in intensity or quantity of the action
Usage notes
  • Whether or not the action extremized in intensity or quantity positively or negatively is deduced by context.
    • For example, a "moderately" intense sentence, Тхаптэт. (Dihábted. «di⁸꞊h⁵-a⁴-b³-ted⁰», (“I strike it [with a sharp-ended object,]”) can be intensified by appending усь- to the verb or as a predeterminer, as in Дусьпаптэт. (Dúsʲbabted. «di⁸꞊usˣ-h⁵-a⁴-b³-ted⁰») or Усь тхаптэт. (Usʲ dihabted., “I strike it very hard [with a sharp-ended object.]”).
    • Intensification in the negative scale is also possible. For example, Ила! (Íla! «l²-a⁰», “Eat it!”) can be negatively intensified by likewise appending усь-, resulting in Усьла! (Úsʲla! «usˣ-l²-a⁰», “Eat just a bit!”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *Husʌ ~ *Hutʲʌ (“hot, warm, tepid”, adjective).[2][3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /¹us/, [uˑsʲ˧] [Adjective & adverb]
  • IPA(key): /…us/, […usʲ] [Finite verb]

Adjective

усь (ūsʲ)

  1. warm, tepid

Adverb

усь (ūsʲ)

  1. warmly, tepidly

Verb

усь ([l²]-us⁰) (conjugation I)

  1. (intransitive, iterative, atelic) subject warms, gets tepid; subject thaws

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *Hus (“hunting spear”).[4][5]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /¹us/, [uˑsʲ˧]

Noun

усь (ūsʲ) n (plural усеӈ)

  1. hunting spear (with a double-edged blade)

Etymology 4

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *Huʌtʲʌ (“birch tree”).[6][7]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /⁴us/, [us͉ʲ˥˩]

Noun

усь (ùsʲ) m (plural усеӈ)

  1. birch tree

References

  1. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 609, 1012
  2. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=779&root=config
  3. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 323, 1013
  4. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=780&root=config
  5. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 323, 1012
  6. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=781&root=config
  7. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 322, 1029

Further reading

  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 358, 377, 380-381
  • Vajda, Edward J.; Zinn, Marina (2004), Kotorova, Elizaveta G., editor, Морфологический словарь кетского глагола (in Russian), Tomsk: Томского государственного педагогического университет (TGPU), pages 224-225
  • Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 414-415, 685
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