накажа
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɐˈkaʒɐ]
Audio (Standard Bulgarian): (file) - Rhymes: -aʒɐ
- Syllabification(key): на‧ка‧жа
Etymology 1
Iterative of на- (na-) + ка́жа (káža, “to tell”). Compare Old Church Slavonic наказати (nakazati, “to preach”).
Verb
нака́жа • (nakáža) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective нака́звам) (iterative)
- (transitive) to say, to declare, to state a lot of things
- Synonyms: нагово́ря (nagovórja), наду́мам (nadúmam)
Conjugation
Conjugation of нака́жа (conjugation 1.4, perfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | нака́зал nakázal |
нака́жел nakážel |
нака́зан nakázan |
— | |
| definite subject form | — | нака́залият nakázalijat |
— | нака́заният nakázanijat | |||
| definite object form | — | нака́залия nakázalija |
— | нака́зания nakázanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | нака́зала nakázala |
нака́жела nakážela |
нака́зана nakázana | ||
| definite | — | нака́залата nakázalata |
— | нака́заната nakázanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | нака́зало nakázalo |
нака́жело nakáželo |
нака́зано nakázano |
— | |
| definite | — | нака́залото nakázaloto |
— | нака́заното nakázanoto |
— | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | нака́зали nakázali |
нака́жели nakáželi |
нака́зани nakázani |
— | |
| definite | — | нака́залите nakázalite |
— | нака́заните nakázanite |
— | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | нака́жа nakáža |
нака́жеш nakážeš |
нака́же nakáže |
нака́жем nakážem |
нака́жете nakážete |
нака́жат nakážat | |
| imperfect | нака́жех nakážeh |
нака́жеше nakážeše |
нака́жеше nakážeše |
нака́жехме nakážehme |
нака́жехте nakážehte |
нака́жеха nakážeha | |
| aorist | нака́зах nakázah |
нака́за nakáza |
нака́за nakáza |
нака́захме nakázahme |
нака́захте nakázahte |
нака́заха nakázaha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| накажи́ nakaží |
накаже́те nakažéte |
||||||
References
- “накажа²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1899), “нака́жѭ, -ешь; нака́захъ; нака́залъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 163
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “наказвам, накажа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 477
- “наказати”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026
Etymology 2
Synchronically, a factitive of на́каз (nákaz, “reproof”), itself postverbal from Etymology 1.
Verb
нака́жа • (nakáža) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective нака́звам)
- (transitive) to punish, to penalize (to impose a punishment or penalty on someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of нака́жа (conjugation 1.4, perfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | нака́зал nakázal |
нака́жел nakážel |
нака́зан nakázan |
— | |
| definite subject form | — | нака́залият nakázalijat |
— | нака́заният nakázanijat | |||
| definite object form | — | нака́залия nakázalija |
— | нака́зания nakázanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | нака́зала nakázala |
нака́жела nakážela |
нака́зана nakázana | ||
| definite | — | нака́залата nakázalata |
— | нака́заната nakázanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | нака́зало nakázalo |
нака́жело nakáželo |
нака́зано nakázano |
— | |
| definite | — | нака́залото nakázaloto |
— | нака́заното nakázanoto |
— | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | нака́зали nakázali |
нака́жели nakáželi |
нака́зани nakázani |
— | |
| definite | — | нака́залите nakázalite |
— | нака́заните nakázanite |
— | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | нака́жа nakáža |
нака́жеш nakážeš |
нака́же nakáže |
нака́жем nakážem |
нака́жете nakážete |
нака́жат nakážat | |
| imperfect | нака́жех nakážeh |
нака́жеше nakážeše |
нака́жеше nakážeše |
нака́жехме nakážehme |
нака́жехте nakážehte |
нака́жеха nakážeha | |
| aorist | нака́зах nakázah |
нака́за nakáza |
нака́за nakáza |
нака́захме nakázahme |
нака́захте nakázahte |
нака́заха nakázaha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́жел m, нака́жела f, нака́жело n, or нака́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and нака́зал m, нака́зала f, нака́зало n, or нака́зали pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| накажи́ nakaží |
накаже́те nakažéte |
||||||
Derived terms
nouns
- (verbal noun) наказа́ние (nakazánie)
- (agent noun) наказа́тел (nakazátel) (obsolete)
- наказа́телен (nakazátelen)