гвоздика

By surface analysis, гвоздь (gvozdʹ, “nail”) +‎ -и́ка (-íka). Inherited from Old East Slavic гвозника (gvoznika), гвоздьника (gvozdĭnika) (both forms used interchangeably in A Journey Beyond the Three Seas, circa 1466–1472).

Vasmer and Chernykh believe that the Russian term is ultimately a calque of Polish goździk, gwoździk (or rather from their Old Polish antecedent), which in turn was a semantic loan from Middle High German negelkîn or Middle Low German nēgelke (“carnation; clove”, literally “little nail”) (whence modern German Nelke). But Shansky dissents, asserting that the Old East Slavic term was an independent formation referring to the clove bud's nail-like shape.

• IPA^(key): [ɡvɐzʲˈdʲikə]

гвозди́ка • (gvozdíka) f inan (genitive гвозди́ки, nominative plural гвозди́ки, genitive plural гвозди́к, relational adjective гвозди́чный)

1. carnation, dianthus
2. (collective) cloves (spice)

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гвоздика”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “гвоздика”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 184
• Shansky, N. M., editor (1972), “гвоздика”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 4 (Г), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 41
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “гвоздика”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Krylov, G. A. (2004), “гвоздика”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “гвоздика”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡvozʲdʲɪkə]

гво́здика • (gvózdika) m inan

1. genitive singular of гво́здик (gvózdik)

Borrowed from Polish goździk, or Polish gwoździk. Parsable as Russian гвоздь (gvozdʹ) +‎ -ика (-yka).

• IPA^(key): [ɦwɔzˈdɪkɐ]

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гвозди́ка • (hvozdýka) f inan (genitive гвозди́ки, nominative plural гвозди́ки, genitive plural гвозди́к)

1. carnation, dianthus
2. cloves (spice)

• “гвоздика”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]