воудра
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vydra with Old Novgorodian dialectal change y > u after a labial consonant (i.e. labialization).[1][2] Compare with Sorbian wudra. Cognates include Old East Slavic вꙑдра (vydra), Old Ruthenian вы́дра (výdra), Old Polish wydra.
First attested in c. 1200–1220 as воудоро in “domestic orthography”, i.e. воудъръ (vudŭrŭ, gen. pl.) with an unclear inserted a reduced vowel -дър-.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: воу‧дра
Noun
воудра • (vudra) f[3] (dialectal, hapax legomenon)
- otter (Lutra lutra)
- otterskin
- c. 1200 – 1220, Birch bark letter no. 713[1], Novgorod (Troitsky excavation, Estate O):
- […] (ѿ) михалѧ : ко прокоше : цето ти воудоро : цето ти церѣмени : цето ти роудавещене : и голоубине добре […]
- […] (otŭ) mixalę : ko prokoše : cʹjeto ti vudoro : cʹjeto ti cʹjerěmeni : cʹjeto ti rudavesʹcʹjene : i golubine dobre […]
- […] (Greetings from) Mikhal to Proksha. [All] that you have of the otters (pelts), that you have of the red cloth, that you have of the fine reddish-brown and light blue cloth […]
- […] (ѿ) михалѧ : ко прокоше : цето ти воудоро : цето ти церѣмени : цето ти роудавещене : и голоубине добре […]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | воудра vudra |
воудрѣ vudrě |
воудрѣ vudrě |
| genitive | воудрѣ vudrě |
воудроу vudru |
воудръ vudrŭ |
| dative | воудрѣ vudrě |
воудрама vudrama |
воудрамъ vudramŭ |
| accusative | воудрѫ vudrǫ |
воудрѣ vudrě |
воудрѣ vudrě |
| instrumental | воудроѭ vudrojǫ |
воудрама vudrama |
воудрами vudrami |
| locative | воудрѣ vudrě |
воудроу vudru |
воудрахъ vudraxŭ |
| vocative | воудро vudro |
воудрѣ vudrě |
воудрѣ vudrě |
Related terms
Old Novgorodian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed- (0 c, 1 e)
Descendants
- → Russian: вудра́ (vudrá), у́дра́ (údrá) (Pskov)
- ⇒ Russian: Вудрино (Vudrino), Удрино (Udrino) (toponym)
- ⇒ Russian: Вудрицы (Vudricy), Удрицы (Udricy) (toponym)
- ⇒ Russian: Вудрицкое болото (Vudrickoje boloto) (hydronym)
References
Further reading
- “выдра”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2026