бет

Bashkir

Etymology

Cognate with Kazakh бит (bit), Uyghur پىت (pit), Turkish bit, Yakut быт (bït), Chuvash пыйтӑ (pyjt̬ă, “louse”), etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bɪ̞t]
Hyphenation: бет (one syllable)

Noun

бет • (bet)

louse

Declension

Declension of **бет**
	singular	plural
absolute	бет (bet)	беттәр (bettər)
definite genitive	беттең (betteñ)	беттәрҙең (bettərźeñ)
dative	беткә (betkə)	беттәргә (bettərgə)
definite accusative	бетте (bette)	беттәрҙе (bettərźe)
locative	беттә (bettə)	беттәрҙә (bettərźə)
ablative	беттән (bettən)	беттәрҙән (bettərźən)

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	بەت
Cyrillic	бет
Latin	bet

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bēt (“face; page”). Cognate with Bashkir бит (bit, “face; page”), Uyghur بەت (bet, “face; page”), etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bet/, [b̥ʲe̘tʰ]
Hyphenation: бет

Noun

бет • (bet)

face, cheek
surface

Declension

Declension of *бет*
	singular	plural
nominative	бет (bet)	беттер (better)
genitive	беттің (bettıñ)	беттердің (betterdıñ)
dative	бетке (betke)	беттерге (betterge)
accusative	бетті (bettı)	беттерді (betterdı)
locative	бетте (bette)	беттерде (betterde)
ablative	беттен (betten)	беттерден (betterden)
instrumental	бетпен (betpen)	беттермен (bettermen)
similative	беттей (bettei)	беттердей (betterdei)

Derived terms

беттеу (betteu)
беттеуші (betteuşı)
беттік (bettık)

Ket

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Ketic *bet ~ *bat (“when”, particle marking completed action in the future).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /¹bed/, [beˑt˧]

Particle

бет (bēd)

preverbal particle denoting completed action in future

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Ketic *beˤdʲʌ (“make, do”, infinitive verb),^[2]^[3] with parallels seen in distantly related Kott and also possibly Arin (Kott bapajaŋ (“I make.”),^[4]^[5] Arin šapite (“I make.”)).^[6]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /⁴bed/, [bɛɾ̥ʲ˥˩] [Action nominal]
IPA^(key): /…bed/, [bɛt], [βɛt] [Finite verb]

Verb

бет (bèd, [l²]-bed⁰, [n²]-bed⁰) (conjugation I)

making, the act of making; doing, the act of doing
(transitive, atelic) subject makes
(transitive, telic) subject makes, creates

Usage notes

Although all Ket varieties more or less pronounce the verb stem бет the same, when it is used in the "action nominal" function, the Southern Ket varieties use берь (bèdʲ), while Central Ket varieties use бээдә (bèːdə) and Northern Ket dialects use бээри (bèːdi). In both verb base and action nominal functions, this root is broadly and phonemically analyzed as /bèd/.
бет is among a numerable amount of verbs in the Ket language that display pseudo-suppletivism, where the b- initials of the root morphemes in select configurations, sometimes irregularly, shift into k- initial variants (in this case, -bed⁰ turns into -ked⁰.)

References

^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 132
^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=758&root=config
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 119, 130-132
^ Matthias Alexander Castrén, Versuch Einer Jenissei-Ostjakischen Und Kottischen Sprachlehre: Nebst Aus Den Genannten Sprachen, St. Petersburg: Leopold Voss Publisher, 1858, page 223
^ Werner, Heinrich K. (2003), Röhrborn, Klaus, Schellbach-Kopra, Ingrid, editors, M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jennisej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica; 62) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 143
^ Helimskij, Eugene A. (1986), “Архивные материалы XVIII. века по енисейским языкам”, in Палеоазиатский языки‎^[1] (in Russian), Leningrad: Nauka, pages 179-212

Kumyk

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bĕt (“face; page”).

Noun

бет • (bet)

Declension

Declension of **бет** (bet)
	singular	plural
nominative	бет (bet)	бетлер (betler)
accusative	бетни (betni)	бетлени (betleni)
dative	бетге (betge)	бетлеге (betlege)
locative	бетде (betde)	бетлерде (betlerde)
ablative	бетден (betden)	бетлерден (betlerden)
genitive	бетни (betni)	бетлени (betleni)

Possessive forms of **бет** (bet)
1^st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	бетим (betim)	бетлерим (betlerim)
accusative	бетимни (betimni)	бетлеримни (betlerimni)
dative	бетимге (betimge)	бетлериме (betlerime)
locative	бетимде (betimde)	бетлеримде (betlerimde)
ablative	бетимден (betimden)	бетлеримден (betlerimden)
genitive	бетимни (betimni)	бетлеримни (betlerimni)

1^st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	бетибиз (betibiz)	бетлерибиз (betleribiz)
accusative	бетибизни (betibizni)	бетлерибизни (betleribizni)
dative	бетибизге (betibizge)	бетлерибизге (betleribizge)
locative	бетибизде (betibizde)	бетлерибизде (betleribizde)
ablative	бетибизден (betibizden)	бетлерибизден (betleribizden)
genitive	бетибизни (betibizni)	бетлерибизни (betleribizni)

2^nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	бетинг (betiñ)	бетлеринг (betleriñ)
accusative	бетингни (betiñni)	бетлерингни (betleriñni)
dative	бетинге (betiñe)	бетлеринге (betleriñe)
locative	бетингде (betiñde)	бетлерингде (betleriñde)
ablative	бетингден (betiñden)	бетлерингден (betleriñden)
genitive	бетингни (betiñni)	бетлерингни (betleriñni)

2^nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	бетигиз (betigiz)	бетлеригиз (betlerigiz)
accusative	бетигизни (betigizni)	бетлеригизни (betlerigizni)
dative	бетигизге (betigizge)	бетлеригизге (betlerigizge)
locative	бетигизде (betigizde)	бетлеригизде (betlerigizde)
ablative	бетигизден (betigizden)	бетлерибизден (betleribizden)
genitive	бетигизни (betigizni)	бетлеригизни (betlerigizni)

3^rd person
	singular	plural
nominative	бети (beti)	бетлери (betleri)
accusative	бетин (betin)	бетлерин (betlerin)
dative	бетине (betine)	бетлерине (betlerine)
locative	бетинде (betinde)	бетлеринде (betlerinde)
ablative	бетинден (betinden)	бетлеринден (betlerinden)
genitive	бетини (betini)	бетлерини (betlerini)

Kyrgyz

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bĕt (“face; page”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bet/, [b̥e̞tʰ]
(Kizilsu) IPA^(key): [pɛtʰ], [pɛt̚]
Hyphenation: бет

Noun

бет • (bet) (Arabic spelling بەت)

Declension

Declension of *бет*
singular (жекелик)
possession → case ↓	—	first-person singular (менин)	second-person singular informal (сенин)	second-person singular formal (сиздин)	third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын)	first-person plural (биздин)	second-person plural informal (силердин)	second-person plural formal (сиздердин)
nominative (атооч)	бет bet	бетим betim	бетиң betiŋ	бетиңиз betiŋiz	бети beti	бетибиз betibiz	бетиңер betiŋer	бетиңиздер betiŋizder
genitive (илик)	беттин bettin	бетимдин betimdin	бетиңдин betiŋdin	бетиңиздин betiŋizdin	бетинин betinin	бетибиздин betibizdin	бетиңердин betiŋerdin	бетиңиздердин betiŋizderdin
dative (барыш)	бетке betke	бетиме betime	бетиңе betiŋe	бетиңизге betiŋizge	бетине betine	бетибизге betibizge	бетиңерге betiŋerge	бетиңиздерге betiŋizderge
accusative (табыш)	бетти betti	бетимди betimdi	бетиңди betiŋdi	бетиңизди betiŋizdi	бетин betin	бетибизди betibizdi	бетиңерди betiŋerdi	бетиңиздерди betiŋizderdi
locative (жатыш)	бетте bette	бетимде betimde	бетиңде betiŋde	бетиңизде betiŋizde	бетинде betinde	бетибизде betibizde	бетиңерде betiŋerde	бетиңиздерде betiŋizderde
ablative (чыгыш)	беттен betten	бетимден betimden	бетиңден betiŋden	бетиңизден betiŋizden	бетинен betinen	бетибизден betibizden	бетиңерден betiŋerden	бетиңиздерден betiŋizderden
plural (көптөгөн)
possession → case ↓	—	first-person singular (менин)	second-person singular informal (сенин)	second-person singular formal (сиздин)	third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын)	first-person plural (биздин)	second-person plural informal (силердин)	second-person plural formal (сиздердин)
nominative (атооч)	беттер better	беттерим betterim	беттериң betteriŋ	беттериңиз betteriŋiz	беттери betteri	беттерибиз betteribiz	беттериңер betteriŋer	беттериңиздер betteriŋizder
genitive (илик)	беттердин betterdin	беттеримдин betterimdin	беттериңдин betteriŋdin	беттериңиздин betteriŋizdin	беттеринин betterinin	беттерибиздин betteribizdin	беттериңердин betteriŋerdin	беттериңиздердин betteriŋizderdin
dative (барыш)	беттерге betterge	беттериме betterime	беттериңе betteriŋe	беттериңизге betteriŋizge	беттерине betterine	беттерибизге betteribizge	беттериңерге betteriŋerge	беттериңиздерге betteriŋizderge
accusative (табыш)	беттерди betterdi	беттеримди betterimdi	беттериңди betteriŋdi	беттериңизди betteriŋizdi	беттерин betterin	беттерибизди betteribizdi	беттериңерди betteriŋerdi	беттериңиздерди betteriŋizderdi
locative (жатыш)	беттерде betterde	беттеримде betterimde	беттериңде betteriŋde	беттериңизде betteriŋizde	беттеринде betterinde	беттерибизде betteribizde	беттериңерде betteriŋerde	беттериңиздерде betteriŋizderde
ablative (чыгыш)	беттерден betterden	беттеримден betterimden	беттериңден betteriŋden	беттериңизден betteriŋizden	беттеринен betterinen	беттерибизден betteribizden	беттериңерден betteriŋerden	беттериңиздерден betteriŋizderden

Nogai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bēt. Cognate to Kazakh бет (bet), etc.

Noun

бет • (bet)

face

Synonyms

юз (yuz)

References

N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “бет”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN, page 79

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbɛt] (phonetic respelling: бэ́т)
Audio: (file)

Noun

бет • (bɛ́t) f inan pl

genitive plural of бе́та (bɛ́ta)

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bĕt (“face; page”). Cognate with Kazakh бет (bet), Kyrgyz бет (bet), Crimean Tatar bet, Kumyk бет (bet), Tatar бит (bit), etc.

Noun

бет • (bet)

face

Declension

Inflection of **бет**
	singular	plural
absolute	бет (bet)	беттер (better)
definite genitive	беттиҥ (bettiŋ)	беттердиҥ (betterdiŋ)
dative	бетке (betke)	беттерге (betterge)
definite accusative	бетти (betti)	беттерди (betterdi)
locative	бетте (bette)	беттерде (betterde)
ablative	беттеҥ (betteŋ)	беттердеҥ (betterdeŋ)

Synonyms

јӱс (ǰüs)

References

Verbickij, V. I. (1884), “бет”, in Словарь алтайского и аладагского наречий тюркского языка [Dictionary of Altaic and Aladag dialects of Turkic], Kazan

Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bɨt.

Noun

бет • (bet)

louse

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20240105031356/https://classes.ru/all-tatar/dictionary-tatar-russian-cyr-term-753.htm

[1] Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 132

[2] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=758&root=config

[3] Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 119, 130-132

[4] Matthias Alexander Castrén, Versuch Einer Jenissei-Ostjakischen Und Kottischen Sprachlehre: Nebst Aus Den Genannten Sprachen, St. Petersburg: Leopold Voss Publisher, 1858, page 223

[5] Werner, Heinrich K. (2003), Röhrborn, Klaus, Schellbach-Kopra, Ingrid, editors, M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jennisej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica; 62) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 143

[6] Helimskij, Eugene A. (1986), “Архивные материалы XVIII. века по енисейским языкам”, in Палеоазиатский языки‎^[1] (in Russian), Leningrad: Nauka, pages 179-212

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Bashkir

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Kazakh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Ket

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Particle

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

References

Further reading

Kumyk

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Kyrgyz

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Nogai

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

References

Russian

Pronunciation

Noun

Southern Altai

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

References

Tatar

Etymology

Noun

References