Бишкек

See also: Бішкек

Kyrgyz

Alternative forms

  • Пишкек (Pişkek), Пишпек (Pişpek)obsolete

Etymology

First attested in the 1870s as پِشْکَکْ (pişkäk), with further origin unclear. Several theories have been proposed in this respect:

  • From Kyrgyz беш (beş, five) +‎ бек (bek, chief). There is no explanation given as to who these five chiefs may have been, or why the settlement was named after them.
  • From Classical Persian پیش (pēš, front) +‎ کوه (kōh, mountain), meaning "mountain face". This theory is weak on phonetic grounds.
  • From Classical Persian پیش (pēš, front) +‎ بگ (bag, chief), referring to a chiefdom on the frontier, with the latter element being a borrowing from Turkic equivalent to Kyrgyz бек (bek). This theory is supported by that fact that Bishkek was founded as a frontier outpost by the Khanate of Kokand following its conquest of the Chuy region in 1825.

Common folk etymologies derive it from Kyrgyz бишкек (bişkek, koumiss-churning paddle) or the name of Kyrgyz mythological figure Bishkek Baatyr. Sense 2 is derived from the name of the city. Compare other Kyrgyz given names originating from toponyms, such as Талас (Talas), Нарын (Narın), and Алай (Alay).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /biʃˈkek/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: Биш‧кек

Proper noun

Бишкек • (Bişkek) (Arabic spelling بئشكەك)

  1. Bishkek (the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan)
    Synonym: (1926–1991) Фрунзе (Frunze)
  2. a male given name, Bishkek

Declension

Declension of Бишкек (sg-only)
singular
(жекелик)
possession →
case ↓
first-person
singular
(менин)
second-person
singular informal
(сенин)
second-person
singular formal
(сиздин)
third-person
singular/plural
(анын/алардын)
first-person
plural
(биздин)
second-person
plural informal
(силердин)
second-person
plural formal
(сиздердин)
nominative (атооч) Бишкек
Bişkek
Бишкегим
Bişkegim
Бишкегиң
Bişkegiŋ
Бишкегиңиз
Bişkegiŋiz
Бишкеги
Bişkegi
Бишкегибиз
Bişkegibiz
Бишкегиңер
Bişkegiŋer
Бишкегиңиздер
Bişkegiŋizder
genitive (илик) Бишкектин
Bişkektin
Бишкегимдин
Bişkegimdin
Бишкегиңдин
Bişkegiŋdin
Бишкегиңиздин
Bişkegiŋizdin
Бишкегинин
Bişkeginin
Бишкегибиздин
Bişkegibizdin
Бишкегиңердин
Bişkegiŋerdin
Бишкегиңиздердин
Bişkegiŋizderdin
dative (барыш) Бишкекке
Bişkekke
Бишкегиме
Bişkegime
Бишкегиңе
Bişkegiŋe
Бишкегиңизге
Bişkegiŋizge
Бишкегине
Bişkegine
Бишкегибизге
Bişkegibizge
Бишкегиңерге
Bişkegiŋerge
Бишкегиңиздерге
Bişkegiŋizderge
accusative (табыш) Бишкекти
Bişkekti
Бишкегимди
Bişkegimdi
Бишкегиңди
Bişkegiŋdi
Бишкегиңизди
Bişkegiŋizdi
Бишкегин
Bişkegin
Бишкегибизди
Bişkegibizdi
Бишкегиңерди
Bişkegiŋerdi
Бишкегиңиздерди
Bişkegiŋizderdi
locative (жатыш) Бишкекте
Bişkekte
Бишкегимде
Bişkegimde
Бишкегиңде
Bişkegiŋde
Бишкегиңизде
Bişkegiŋizde
Бишкегинде
Bişkeginde
Бишкегибизде
Bişkegibizde
Бишкегиңерде
Bişkegiŋerde
Бишкегиңиздерде
Bişkegiŋizderde
ablative (чыгыш) Бишкектен
Bişkekten
Бишкегимден
Bişkegimden
Бишкегиңден
Bişkegiŋden
Бишкегиңизден
Bişkegiŋizden
Бишкегинен
Bişkeginen
Бишкегибизден
Bişkegibizden
Бишкегиңерден
Bişkegiŋerden
Бишкегиңиздерден
Bişkegiŋizderden

References

  • Bahattin Gencal (2019), “Pi̇şpek Adının Oluşumu [Formation of the Name Pishpek]”, in Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi [The Journal of International Social Research]‎[1], volume 12, number 67 (in Turkish), →DOI, →ISSN, pages 317–323

Macedonian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈbiʃkɛk]

Proper noun

Бишкек • (Biškekm (relational adjective бишкечки)

  1. Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)

Derived terms

References

  • Бишкек”, in Правопис на македонскиот јазик (Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik) [Orthography of the Macedonian language]‎[2] (in Macedonian), 2nd edition, Skopje: Institute of Macedonian language "Krste Misirkov" – Skopje, 2017, page 293

Russian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [bʲɪʂˈkʲek]
  • Audio:(file)

Proper noun

Бишке́к • (Biškékm inan (genitive Бишке́ка, relational adjective бишке́кский)

  1. Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)
    Synonyms: (1862 to 1926) Пишпе́к (Pišpék); (1926 to 1991) Фру́нзе (Frúnzɛ)

Declension

Tajik

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Бишке́к (Biškék), from Kyrgyz Бишкек (Bişkek), of unknown etymology. See there for more.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /biʃˈkek/, [biʃ.kʰék]

Proper noun

Бишкек • (Biškek)

  1. Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)