Бишкек
See also: Бішкек
Kyrgyz
Alternative forms
- Пишкек (Pişkek), Пишпек (Pişpek) — obsolete
Etymology
First attested in the 1870s as پِشْکَکْ (pişkäk), with further origin unclear. Several theories have been proposed in this respect:
- From Kyrgyz беш (beş, “five”) + бек (bek, “chief”). There is no explanation given as to who these five chiefs may have been, or why the settlement was named after them.
- From Classical Persian پیش (pēš, “front”) + کوه (kōh, “mountain”), meaning "mountain face". This theory is weak on phonetic grounds.
- From Classical Persian پیش (pēš, “front”) + بگ (bag, “chief”), referring to a chiefdom on the frontier, with the latter element being a borrowing from Turkic equivalent to Kyrgyz бек (bek). This theory is supported by that fact that Bishkek was founded as a frontier outpost by the Khanate of Kokand following its conquest of the Chuy region in 1825.
Common folk etymologies derive it from Kyrgyz бишкек (bişkek, “koumiss-churning paddle”) or the name of Kyrgyz mythological figure Bishkek Baatyr. Sense 2 is derived from the name of the city. Compare other Kyrgyz given names originating from toponyms, such as Талас (Talas), Нарын (Narın), and Алай (Alay).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /biʃˈkek/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: Биш‧кек
Proper noun
Бишкек • (Bişkek) (Arabic spelling بئشكەك)
- Bishkek (the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan)
- Synonym: (1926–1991) Фрунзе (Frunze)
- a male given name, Bishkek
Declension
| singular (жекелик) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| possession → case ↓ |
— | first-person singular (менин) |
second-person singular informal (сенин) |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) |
third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын) |
first-person plural (биздин) |
second-person plural informal (силердин) |
second-person plural formal (сиздердин) |
| nominative (атооч) | Бишкек Bişkek |
Бишкегим Bişkegim |
Бишкегиң Bişkegiŋ |
Бишкегиңиз Bişkegiŋiz |
Бишкеги Bişkegi |
Бишкегибиз Bişkegibiz |
Бишкегиңер Bişkegiŋer |
Бишкегиңиздер Bişkegiŋizder |
| genitive (илик) | Бишкектин Bişkektin |
Бишкегимдин Bişkegimdin |
Бишкегиңдин Bişkegiŋdin |
Бишкегиңиздин Bişkegiŋizdin |
Бишкегинин Bişkeginin |
Бишкегибиздин Bişkegibizdin |
Бишкегиңердин Bişkegiŋerdin |
Бишкегиңиздердин Bişkegiŋizderdin |
| dative (барыш) | Бишкекке Bişkekke |
Бишкегиме Bişkegime |
Бишкегиңе Bişkegiŋe |
Бишкегиңизге Bişkegiŋizge |
Бишкегине Bişkegine |
Бишкегибизге Bişkegibizge |
Бишкегиңерге Bişkegiŋerge |
Бишкегиңиздерге Bişkegiŋizderge |
| accusative (табыш) | Бишкекти Bişkekti |
Бишкегимди Bişkegimdi |
Бишкегиңди Bişkegiŋdi |
Бишкегиңизди Bişkegiŋizdi |
Бишкегин Bişkegin |
Бишкегибизди Bişkegibizdi |
Бишкегиңерди Bişkegiŋerdi |
Бишкегиңиздерди Bişkegiŋizderdi |
| locative (жатыш) | Бишкекте Bişkekte |
Бишкегимде Bişkegimde |
Бишкегиңде Bişkegiŋde |
Бишкегиңизде Bişkegiŋizde |
Бишкегинде Bişkeginde |
Бишкегибизде Bişkegibizde |
Бишкегиңерде Bişkegiŋerde |
Бишкегиңиздерде Bişkegiŋizderde |
| ablative (чыгыш) | Бишкектен Bişkekten |
Бишкегимден Bişkegimden |
Бишкегиңден Bişkegiŋden |
Бишкегиңизден Bişkegiŋizden |
Бишкегинен Bişkeginen |
Бишкегибизден Bişkegibizden |
Бишкегиңерден Bişkegiŋerden |
Бишкегиңиздерден Bişkegiŋizderden |
References
- Bahattin Gencal (2019), “Pi̇şpek Adının Oluşumu [Formation of the Name Pishpek]”, in Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi [The Journal of International Social Research][1], volume 12, number 67 (in Turkish), , →ISSN, pages 317–323
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbiʃkɛk]
Proper noun
Бишкек • (Biškek) m (relational adjective бишкечки)
- Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)
Derived terms
- бишкечанец m (biškečanec), бишкечанка f (biškečanka)
- бишкечки (biškečki)
References
- “Бишкек”, in Правопис на македонскиот јазик (Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik) [Orthography of the Macedonian language][2] (in Macedonian), 2nd edition, Skopje: Institute of Macedonian language "Krste Misirkov" – Skopje, 2017, page 293
Russian
Alternative forms
- Бишке́къ (Biškék) — pre-1918 spelling
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [bʲɪʂˈkʲek]
Audio: (file)
Proper noun
Бишке́к • (Biškék) m inan (genitive Бишке́ка, relational adjective бишке́кский)
- Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)
- Synonyms: (1862 to 1926) Пишпе́к (Pišpék); (1926 to 1991) Фру́нзе (Frúnzɛ)
Declension
Declension of Бишке́к (inan sg-only masc-form velar-stem accent-a)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | Бишке́к Biškék |
| genitive | Бишке́ка Biškéka |
| dative | Бишке́ку Biškéku |
| accusative | Бишке́к Biškék |
| instrumental | Бишке́ком Biškékom |
| prepositional | Бишке́ке Biškéke |
Tajik
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian Бишке́к (Biškék), from Kyrgyz Бишкек (Bişkek), of unknown etymology. See there for more.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /biʃˈkek/, [biʃ.kʰék]
Proper noun
Бишкек • (Biškek)
- Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)