φθόνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Beekes, from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-, albeit with no certain adduced cognates. De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”), which may also imply a connection with Avestan 𐬀𐬖𐬲𐬋𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬆𐬨 (aγžōnuuamnəm, “which cannot be missed”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰó.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰtʰo.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸθo.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
Noun
φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension
- envy, jealousy
- malice, grudge, ill will
- cause for indignation, reproach
- jealousy of the gods
- refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ φθόνος ho phthónos |
τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō |
οἱ φθόνοι hoi phthónoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ φθόνου toû phthónou |
τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin |
τῶν φθόνων tôn phthónōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ φθόνῳ tōî phthónōi |
τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin |
τοῖς φθόνοις toîs phthónois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν φθόνον tòn phthónon |
τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō |
τοὺς φθόνους toùs phthónous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | φθόνε phthóne |
φθόνω phthónō |
φθόνοι phthónoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φθόνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1571
Further reading
- “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φθόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “φθόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5355 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- animus idem, page 30.
- denial idem, page 210.
- disfavour idem, page 233.
- displeasure idem, page 237.
- envy idem, page 279.
- grudge idem, page 376.
- grudging idem, page 376.
- hatred idem, page 388.
- hostility idem, page 407.
- ill will idem, page 416.
- jealousy idem, page 462.
- loathing idem, page 496.
- malice idem, page 510.
- malignity idem, page 510.
- mischief idem, page 533.
- odium idem, page 569.
- offence idem, page 571.
- pique idem, page 614.
- prejudice idem, page 634.
- rancour idem, page 670.
- refusal idem, page 685.
- reluctance idem, page 692.
- repulse idem, page 699.
- revenge idem, page 709.
- spite idem, page 802.
- stint idem, page 818.
- unpopularity idem, page 927.
- venom idem, page 947.
- will idem, page 979.
- φθόνος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek φθόνος (phthónos). Doublet of φτόνος (ftónos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
- Hyphenation: φθό‧νος
Noun
φθόνος • (fthónos) m (uncountable)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | φθόνος (fthónos) |
| genitive | φθόνου (fthónou) |
| accusative | φθόνο (fthóno) |
| vocative | φθόνε (fthóne) |
Synonyms
- ζήλεια f (zíleia)
- ζηλοφθονία f (zilofthonía)