πώνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”). According to Beekes, the form may have been created on the model of the perfect πέπωκα (pépōka), itself perhaps from *pe-póh₃-e, whence also perhaps Sanskrit प॒पौ (papáu). However, Beekes suggests that it is alternatively possible that the perfect form was instead an inner-Greek development created on the model of the verb πώνω (pṓnō).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pɔ̌ː.nɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/

Verb

πώνω • (pṓnō)

Aeolic and Doric form of πίνω (pínō)
- 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymm to Demeter 94-95:
  κλαῖε μὲν ἁ μάτηρ, βαρὺ δ᾿ ἔστενον αἱ δύ᾿ ἀδελφαὶ χὡ μαστὸς τὸν ἔπωνε καὶ αἱ δέκα πολλάκι δῶλαι.
  klaîe mèn ha mátēr, barù d’ éstenon hai dú’ adelphaì khhō mastòs tòn épōne kaì hai déka polláki dôlai.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Alcaeus, Fragments 332:
  νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην καί τινα πὲρ βίαν πώνην, ἐπειδὴ κάτθανε Μύρσιλος.
  nûn khrê methústhēn kaí tina pèr bían pṓnēn, epeidḕ kátthane Múrsilos.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Present: πώνω, πώνομαι (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πώνω	πώνεις	πώνει	πώνετον	πώνετον	πώνομεν	πώνετε	πώνουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πώνω	πώνῃς	πώνῃ	πώνητον	πώνητον	πώνωμεν	πώνητε	πώνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πώνοιμῐ	πώνοις	πώνοι	πώνοιτον	πωνοίτην	πώνοιμεν	πώνοιτε	πώνοιεν
	imperative		πῶνε	πωνέτω	πώνετον	πωνέτων		πώνετε	πωνόντων
middle/passive	indicative	πώνομαι	πώνεαι	πώνεται	πώνεσθον	πώνεσθον	πωνόμεθᾰ	πώνεσθε	πώνονται
	subjunctive	πώνωμαι	πώνηαι	πώνηται	πώνησθον	πώνησθον	πωνώμεθᾰ	πώνησθε	πώνωνται
	optative	πωνοίμην	πώνοιο	πώνοιτο	πώνοισθον	πωνοίσθην	πωνοίμεθᾰ	πώνοισθε	πώνοιντο
	imperative		πώνεο	πωνέσθω	πώνεσθον	πωνέσθων		πώνεσθε	πωνέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		πώνειν				πώνεσθαι
participle	m	πώνων				πωνόμενος
	f	πώνουσᾰ				πωνομένη
	n	πῶνον				πωνόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔπωνον, ἐπωνόμην (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔπωνον	ἔπωνες	ἔπωνε(ν)	ἐπώνετον	ἐπωνέτην	ἐπώνομεν	ἐπώνετε	ἔπωνον
middle/passive	indicative	ἐπωνόμην	ἐπώνου	ἐπώνετο	ἐπώνεσθον	ἐπωνέσθην	ἐπωνόμεθᾰ	ἐπώνεσθε	ἐπώνοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-1195

“πώνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
πώνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πώνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-1195

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